255.255.255.0is a commonly usedsubnet mask, indicating that the first 24 bits represent the network portion of an IPv4 address. Subnet masks define how IP addresses are divided into network and host portions, enabling efficient routing and segmentation.

MITRE ATTandCK maps adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) across the attack lifecycle.

GDPR is a privacy regulation governing the protection of personal data for individuals in the EU.

When a device does not meet security baseline requirements, it poses a risk to the environment. Best practice is todisable or quarantine the deviceto prevent potential compromise or lateral movement. Network Access Control (NAC) solutions commonly automate this process.

Isolation ensures the device cannot interact with production systems until it is patched, configured correctly, and verified as compliant. This approach aligns with NIST and Zero Trust principles, emphasizing continuous compliance and containment.

Token-based authentication relies on encrypted, machine-generated tokens to verify a user’s identity. After successful authentication, the system issues a token (often a JSON Web Token or OAuth token) that represents the user’s session or authorization claims. This token is then presented with each request instead of repeatedly transmitting credentials.

Unlike basic or form-based authentication, token-based methods reduce exposure of usernames and passwords, improve scalability, and support modern distributed architectures such as APIs, cloud services, and mobile applications. Tokens can also include expiration times and scopes, improving security control.

Ransomware encrypts victim data and demands payment for decryption. It is one of the most damaging forms of malware and directly impacts availability and business operations.

Anintrusionis an unauthorized attempt to access systems or resources, whether successful or not.

A Business Impact Analysis (BIA) identifies critical systems, dependencies, and acceptable downtime. It is foundational to both BCP and DRP development.

Incident response focuses on detecting, containing, eradicating, and recovering from security incidents, including violations of policies and practices.

Risk identification is the first step in the risk management process. Organizations must first identify assets, threats, and vulnerabilities before they can assess likelihood or impact. Without knowing what risks exist, meaningful assessment and mitigation are impossible.