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Question # 4

Which of the following approaches would help overcome testing challenges associated with probabilistic and non-deterministic AI-based systems?

A.

Run the test several times to ensure that the AI always returns the same correct test result

B.

Decompose the system test into multiple data ingestion tests to determine if the AI system is getting a sufficient volume of input data

C.

Decompose the system test into multiple data ingestion tests to determine if the AI system is getting precise and accurate input data

D.

Run the test several times to generate a statistically valid test result to ensure that an appropriate number of answers are accurate

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Question # 5

Which of the following is THE LEAST appropriate tests to be performed for testing a feature related to autonomy?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Test for human handover to give rest to the system.

B.

Test for human handover when it should actually not be relinquishing control.

C.

Test for human handover requiring mandatory relinquishing control.

D.

Test for human handover after a given time interval.

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Question # 6

A ML engineer is trying to determine the correctness of the new open-source implementation *X", of a supervised regression algorithm implementation. R-Square is one of the functional performance metrics used to determine the quality of the model.

Which ONE of the following would be an APPROPRIATE strategy to achieve this goal?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Add 10% of the rows randomly and create another model and compare the R-Square scores of both the model.

B.

Train various models by changing the order of input features and verify that the R-Square score of these models vary significantly.

C.

Compare the R-Square score of the model obtained using two different implementations that utilize two different programming languages while using the same algorithm and the same training and testing data.

D.

Drop 10% of the rows randomly and create another model and compare the R-Square scores of both the models.

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Question # 7

Written requirements are given in text documents, which ONE of the following options is the BEST way to generate test cases from these requirements?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Natural language processing on textual requirements

B.

Analyzing source code for generating test cases

C.

Machine learning on logs of execution

D.

GUI analysis by computer vision

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Question # 8

A beer company is trying to understand how much recognition its logo has in the market. It plans to do that by monitoring images on various social media platforms using a pre-trained neural network for logo detection. This particular model has been trained by looking for words, as well as matching colors on social media images. The company logo has a big word across the middle with a bold blue and magenta border.

Which associated risk is most likely to occur when using this pre-trained model?

A.

There is no risk, as the model has already been trained

B.

Insufficient function: the model was not trained to check for colors or words

C.

Improper data preparation

D.

Inherited bias: the model could have inherited unknown defects

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Question # 9

Which ONE of the following types of coverage SHOULD be used if test cases need to cause each neuron to achieve both positive and negative activation values?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Value coverage

B.

Threshold coverage

C.

Sign change coverage

D.

Neuron coverage

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Question # 10

Upon testing a model used to detect rotten tomatoes, the following data was observed by the test engineer, based on certain number of tomato images.

For this confusion matrix which combinations of values of accuracy, recall, and specificity respectively is CORRECT?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

0.87.0.9. 0.84

B.

1,0.87,0.84

C.

1,0.9, 0.8

D.

0.84.1,0.9

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Question # 11

Which ONE of the following options BEST DESCRIBES clustering?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Clustering is classification of a continuous quantity.

B.

Clustering is supervised learning.

C.

Clustering is done without prior knowledge of output classes.

D.

Clustering requires you to know the classes.

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Question # 12

Which ONE of the following approaches to labelling requires the least time and effort?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Outsourced

B.

Pre-labeled dataset

C.

Internal

D.

Al-Assisted

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Question # 13

There is a growing backlog of unresolved defects for your project. You know the developers have an ML model that they have created which has learned which developers work on which type of software and the speed with which they resolve issues. How could you use this model to help reduce the backlog and implement more efficient defect resolution?

A.

Use it to prioritize defects automatically based on the time expected for the fix to be made, the speed of the fix, and the likelihood of regressions

B.

Use it to assign defects to the best developer to resolve the problem and to load balance the defect assignments among the developers

C.

Use it to determine the root cause of each defect and develop a process improvement plan that can be implemented to remove the most common root causes

D.

Use it to review the code and determine where more defects are likely to occur so that testing can be targeted to those areas

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Question # 14

Which ONE of the following models BEST describes a way to model defect prediction by looking at the history of bugs in modules by using code quality metrics of modules of historical versions as input?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Identifying the relationship between developers and the modules developed by them.

B.

Search of similar code based on natural language processing.

C.

Clustering of similar code modules to predict based on similarity.

D.

Using a classification model to predict the presence of a defect by using code quality metrics as the input data.

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Question # 15

Which of the following is an example of a clustering problem that can be resolved by unsupervised learning?

A.

Associating shoppers with their shopping tendencies

B.

Grouping individual fish together based on their types of fins

C.

Classifying muffin purchases based on the perceived attractiveness of their packaging

D.

Estimating the expected purchase of cat food after a particularly successful ad campaign

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Question # 16

Which of the following is correct regarding the layers of a deep neural network?

A.

There is only an input and output layer

B.

There is at least one internal hidden layer

C.

There must be a minimum of five total layers to be considered deep

D.

The output layer is not connected with the other layers to maintain integrity

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Question # 17

Which of the following is a dataset issue that can be resolved using pre-processing?

A.

Insufficient data

B.

Invalid data

C.

Wanted outliers

D.

Numbers stored as strings

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Question # 18

"AllerEgo" is a product that uses sell-learning to predict the behavior of a pilot under combat situation for a variety of terrains and enemy aircraft formations. Post training the model was exposed to the real-

world data and the model was found to be behaving poorly. A lot of data quality tests had been performed on the data to bring it into a shape fit for training and testing.

Which ONE of the following options is least likely to describes the possible reason for the fall in the performance, especially when considering the self-learning nature of the Al system?

SELECT ONE OPTION

    The difficulty of defining criteria for improvement before the model can be accepted.

    The fast pace of change did not allow sufficient time for testing.

    The unknown nature and insufficient specification of the operating environment might have caused the poor performance.

A.

There was an algorithmic bias in the Al system.

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Question # 19

A neural network has been designed and created to assist day-traders improve efficiency when buying and selling commodities in a rapidly changing market. Suppose the test team executes a test on the neural network where each neuron is examined. For this network, the shortest path indicates a "buy" and it will only occur when the one-day predicted value of the commodity is greater than the spot price by 0.75%. The neurons are stimulated by entering commodity prices and testers verify that they activate only when the future value exceeds the spot price by at least 0.75%.

Which of the following statements BEST explains the type of coverage being tested on the neural network?

A.

Threshold coverage

B.

Neuron coverage

C.

Sign-change coverage

D.

Value-change coverage

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Question # 20

Before deployment of an AI-based system, a developer is expected to demonstrate in a test environment how decisions are made. Which of the following characteristics does decision making fall under?

A.

Explainability

B.

Autonomy

C.

Self-learning

D.

Non-determinism

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Question # 21

Arihant Meditation is a startup using Al to aid people in deeper and better meditation based on analysis of various factors such as time and duration of the meditation, pulse and blood pressure, EEG patters etc. among others. Their model accuracy and other functional performance parameters have not yet reached their desired level.

Which ONE of the following factors is NOT a factor affecting the ML functional performance?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

The data pipeline

B.

The quality of the labeling

C.

Biased data

D.

The number of classes

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Question # 22

Which ONE of the following options is the MOST APPROPRIATE stage of the ML workflow to set model and algorithm hyperparameters?

SELECT ONE OPTION

A.

Evaluating the model

B.

Deploying the model

C.

Tuning the model

D.

Data testing

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Question # 23

A team of software testers is attempting to create an AI algorithm to assist in software testing. This particular team has gone through over 40 iterations of testing and cannot afford to spend as much time as it takes to run the full regression test suite. They are hoping to have the algorithm reduce the amount of testing required, thus reducing the time needed for each testing cycle.

How can an AI-based tool be expected to assist in this reduction?

A.

By using a clustering method to quantify the relationships between test cases and then assigning each test case to a category

B.

By performing optimization of the data from past iterations to see where the most common defects occurred and select the corresponding test cases

C.

By performing Bayesian analysis to estimate the types of human interactions that are expected to be seen in the system and then selecting those test cases

D.

By using A/B testing to compare the last update with the newest change and compare metrics between the two

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Question # 24

Which of the following is an example of an input change where it would be expected that the AI system should be able to adapt?

A.

It has been trained to recognize cats and is given an image of a dog

B.

It has been trained to recognize human faces at a particular resolution and it is given a human face image captured with a higher resolution

C.

It has been trained to analyze mathematical models and is given a set of landscape pictures to classify

D.

It has been trained to analyze customer buying trend data and is given information on supplier cost data

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