The given RQL (Resource Query Language) query is looking for specific audit events related to cryptographic key actions and snapshot creation. The snippet that matches this query is Option C, which contains the statement indicating permissions that allow any action ("Action": "*") and the reference to the version date "2012-10-17" that corresponds to the policy within the audit log.

This can be cross-referenced with cloud provider documentation, such as AWS CloudTrail or Google Cloud Audit Logs, which record user activities and API usage. The RQL provided would be used in a CSPM tool to query these audit logs for the specified events.

To detect and alert on activities performed by a root account, an audit event policy should be used. An audit event policy is a type of policy that can be used to detect suspicious activities or events that may be related to security threats. This type of policy will allow the administrator to monitor and alert on any activities performed by a root account.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/prisma-cloud-threat-detection

The correct policy type to use in order to detect and alert on any activities performed by a root account is an "audit event" policy. An audit event policy is designed to monitor and record a series of chronological events in the order they occur, typically used to track user activities and changes within the system. When a root account performs any actions, an audit event policy will log these events, allowing the administrator to review and potentially set up alerts if suspicious or unauthorized activities are detected. This type of policy is crucial for security and compliance purposes as it helps ensure that all actions performed with root privileges are legitimate and authorized.

Reference to this can be found in most cloud security platforms that offer CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) solutions. For example, within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, audit events are a part of the Activity Monitoring features, which track user activities and system changes to facilitate investigations into suspicious or unauthorized actions.

In Prisma Cloud, to notify the InfoSec team via email about misconfigured Security Groups, the appropriate tab to use is "Alert Rules." Alert rules in Prisma Cloud define the conditions under which alerts are generated and the notification channels, including email, where these alerts are sent. By configuring alert rules related to Security Group misconfigurations, the platform can automatically notify the team when such an event occurs, ensuring prompt awareness and response to potential security issues​​.

To utilize the automated method for remediation within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud, specifically for the Identity and Access Management (IAM) module, two critical actions are required: installing the boto3 and requests libraries, and configuring the IAM AWS remediation script.

The boto3 library is AWS's SDK for Python, allowing Python developers to write software that makes use of services like Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2. The requests library is a Python HTTP library designed for human beings, enabling easy interaction with HTTP services. Together, these libraries are foundational for scripting AWS services, including automating remediation tasks within IAM.

Configuring the IAM AWS remediation script is the second critical step. This script is tailored to interact with AWS IAM to automate the remediation of identified security issues, such as excessive permissions, unused IAM roles, or improperly configured policies. The script uses the boto3 library to communicate with AWS services, applying the necessary changes to align IAM configurations with security best practices.

These actions are essential for leveraging automation to enhance IAM security within AWS, ensuring that IAM configurations adhere to the principle of least privilege and other security best practices. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities and recommendations for cloud security, emphasizing the importance of automation in maintaining a robust security posture, as discussed in resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools."

References:

• "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" highlights the significance of automated security controls and remediation within cloud environments, supporting the use of scripts and libraries for IAM remediation in AWS.
• "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" emphasizes the importance of automation in cloud security, particularly for managing and remediating IAM configurations to ensure compliance and minimize risks.

In Kubernetes environments, deploying Defenders to protect nodes involves leveraging DaemonSets, which ensure that every node in the cluster runs a copy of a specific pod. When the Console is running within a Kubernetes cluster, it's essential to correctly reference the Console service to ensure seamless communication between Defenders and the Console. Option A is the most straightforward and Kubernetes-native method for deploying Defenders. By choosing "twistlock-console" as the Console identifier on the deployment page within the Console, users can generate a DaemonSet configuration file tailored for the Twistlock namespace. This approach ensures that the Defenders are correctly configured to communicate with the Console, providing comprehensive security coverage across the Kubernetes nodes. This method aligns with best practices for deploying security agents in Kubernetes and is supported by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) documentation, which provides step-by-step instructions for deploying Defenders using DaemonSets.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

In Prisma Cloud, when anomalies are detected and the security team chooses to Relearn on a specific image, the existing behavioral model for that image is not deleted. Instead, the system retains the model and enters a new learning period, during which it observes the behavior of the container based on the image. If new behaviors are observed during this period, they are added to the existing model, thereby refining and updating the model to reflect the current operational profile of the container. This approach allows for dynamic adaptation to changes in container behavior while preserving the valuable insights and patterns already established in the model. The Relearn function is part of Prisma Cloud's adaptive capabilities, enabling it to maintain accurate and up-to-date behavioral models that reflect the evolving nature of containerized applications.

To create a custom Identity and Access Management (IAM) policy that alerts on Lambda functions with permissions to terminate EC2 instances, the correct RQL query structure involves specifying the source service (Lambda), the destination service (EC2), and the specific action of interest ('ec2:TerminateInstances'). The query should identify configurations where a Lambda function ('source.cloud.service.name = 'lambda' and 'source.cloud.resource.type = 'function') has been granted permissions that allow it to perform the 'ec2:TerminateInstances' action on EC2 instances ('dest.cloud.service.name = 'ec2'). This query helps in identifying and mitigating potential risks associated with overly permissive functions that could inadvertently or maliciously impact the availability of EC2 resources.

To detect port scanning activities within an environment, a "Port Scan" policy type (option B) would be the most appropriate. Port scanning is a technique used to identify open ports and services available on a host, often used by attackers to find vulnerabilities. A Port Scan policy is designed to detect and alert on such scanning activities, allowing security teams to take preventive measures. While Network (option A), Anomaly (option C), and Config (option D) policies play critical roles in cloud security, they do not specifically target the detection of port scanning behavior.

For a runtime audit generated for a host with a message indicating a service attempting to obtain capability by executing a script, the root cause for this runtime audit is most likely related to D. Default rule that alerts on suspicious runtime behavior. This default rule is designed to flag unusual or potentially harmful activities that could indicate a security risk, prompting further investigation.

In Prisma Cloud Compute, the communication between the Console and Defender components is critical for maintaining operational integrity and ensuring that security policies are enforced. Port 8083 is typically used for this communication. If this port is not open or properly configured to allow traffic between the Console and Defender, it can result in connectivity issues, manifesting as "No console connectivity" errors in the logs. Ensuring that port 8083 is open and accessible on both ends is essential for the seamless operation of Prisma Cloud Compute, allowing Defenders to communicate with the Console, receive updates, and send runtime data for analysis.

To provide information about connections from suspicious IPs in a customer database, the Network policy type should be used. Network policies within Prisma Cloud are designed to monitor and control network traffic, including detecting connections from known malicious or suspicious IP addresses. This capability is crucial for identifying potential threats and unauthorized access attempts, making Option C the correct answer.

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When a role is deleted in Prisma Cloud, it directly impacts any integrations that rely on the access key associated with that role. These integrations use the access key to authenticate and make API calls to Prisma Cloud for various operations. Deleting the role invalidates the access key, causing these integrations to lose their ability to communicate with Prisma Cloud, leading to a cessation of their functionality until a new role with a valid access key is configured. This underscores the importance of carefully managing roles and access keys to avoid disrupting integrated systems and services.

To configure serverless scanning in a cloud security platform like Prisma Cloud, the system needs to know where (Region) the serverless functions are deployed, how to access them (Credential), and on which cloud platform they are running (Provider). These settings ensure that the scanning tool can accurately locate and authenticate to the serverless functions across different cloud environments for vulnerability assessment. This aligns with the principle of providing comprehensive visibility and consistent security across multi-cloud environments as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​.

Prisma Cloud supports several serverless runtimes for vulnerability and compliance scans, including Python, Java, and Node.js. These runtimes are widely used in the development of serverless applications, which are designed to run in stateless compute containers that are event-triggered and fully managed by cloud services. By providing vulnerability and compliance scans for these serverless runtimes, Prisma Cloud helps organizations identify and remediate security issues within their serverless applications, ensuring that they adhere to security best practices and compliance standards. This capability is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of serverless architectures, where traditional security approaches may not be applicable.

Prisma Cloud, developed by Palo Alto Networks, is known for its comprehensive cloud security capabilities across various cloud service providers (CSPs). The integration and support extend to major CSPs, including AWS (Amazon Web Services), Azure (Microsoft's Cloud), GCP (Google Cloud Platform), Oracle Cloud, and Alibaba Cloud. This wide range of support ensures that organizations leveraging multi-cloud environments can maintain consistent security postures across all their cloud assets. The information regarding supported CSPs by Prisma Cloud can typically be found in their official documentation and release notes, which detail the features, integrations, and enhancements specific to each CSP.

To enable role-based access control (RBAC) for the Docker engine in a Prisma Cloud environment, the first configuration step involves setting Docker’s listener type to TCP. This change allows Docker to accept connections over the network, facilitating the integration with Prisma Cloud Defenders, which can then enforce RBAC policies. Configuring Docker to listen on TCP is essential for enabling communication between the Docker daemon and Prisma Cloud Defenders, which act as the enforcement point for RBAC, controlling which users or services can perform actions on the Docker engine based on their roles and permissions. This setup is foundational for implementing granular access controls and enhancing the security of Docker operations within the environment.

Prisma Cloud includes built-in Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) permission groups to manage user access and permissions efficiently. Among the options, Group Membership Admin and Account Group Admin are two built-in RBAC permission groups. Group Membership Admins are responsible for managing user memberships within groups, while Account Group Admins have administrative privileges over specific account groups, allowing them to manage resources and policies within those groups. These roles help in delegating administrative tasks and enforcing the principle of least privilege.

1. Post /Login 2. Get /report 3. Get report/id/download

Following best practices, the Security Operations Center (SOC) should enable a policy that checks for publicly accessible AWS RDS database instances and then manually remediate each instance confirmed to be part of the production environment. This approach ensures that only those resources that should not be publicly accessible are modified, avoiding unintended access restrictions on non-production instances.

SSH Events in Host Observations within Prisma Cloud focus on activities related to Secure Shell (SSH) usage, which is critical for secure communication and remote management of cloud resources. The elements that are part of SSH Events include the User involved in the SSH session, the Process path that indicates the executable or command invoked during the session, and the Command itself that was executed. These elements are crucial for security monitoring and forensic analysis as they provide detailed context about SSH activities, helping security teams to identify unauthorized access, potential breaches, or malicious activities within their cloud environments. Startup process and System calls, while important in other contexts, are not directly associated with SSH Events in Host Observations.

The purpose of Incident Explorer in Prisma Cloud Compute under the "Monitor" section is to provide a comprehensive view of incidents by correlating individual events. This helps identify potential attacks through a sequence of processes, file system, and network events, thereby giving a complete picture of an incident's timeline and impact.

For CI/CD plugins supported by Prisma Cloud as part of its DevOps Security, BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are the correct choices. BitBucket is widely used for source code management and collaboration, while CircleCI is a popular CI/CD platform. Prisma Cloud integrates with these tools to scan code repositories and CI/CD pipelines for security issues, ensuring that vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early in the development process. Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D) are IDEs rather than CI/CD tools, and while they are supported by Prisma Cloud for scanning and security purposes, they are not considered CI/CD plugins.

The protection in the runtime rule that would cause the audit message indicating "/bin/ls launched and is explicitly blocked in the runtime rule" is related to "Processes". In container security, a runtime rule set to monitor and restrict processes can block specific executables or commands from running within a container. If the rule is triggered, it indicates that a process that is explicitly denied by the policy attempted to execute, which in this case is the 'ls' command.

To achieve automatic remediation for identity and access management (IAM) alerts in Azure cloud, the variables that must be modified include SB_QUEUE_KEY (Service Bus Queue Key) and YOUR_ACCOUNT_NUMBER. These variables are essential for configuring the connection and authentication to Azure Service Bus, which is used for messaging and communication within Azure services. By setting up these variables, Prisma Cloud can interact with Azure services to automate the remediation of IAM-related alerts, ensuring that access controls and permissions are correctly enforced to maintain a secure cloud environment.

In Prisma Cloud, policies set under "Defend > Vulnerability > Images > Deployed" are specifically designed to apply at runtime, i.e., when a container is instantiated from an image. This ensures that any image, regardless of its point of origin or creation time, is evaluated against the defined vulnerability policies at the time it is deployed as a container in the environment. This runtime enforcement is crucial for catching vulnerabilities that may not have been present or detected during the image build phase, providing an additional layer of security for running applications​​.

When you have one or more tenant or scale Projects, upgrade all Supervisors before upgrading the Central Console. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process

To retrieve compliance policies for images scanned in a continuous integration (CI) pipeline via Prisma Cloud's API, the correct endpoint to use is GET /api/v22.01/policies/compliance (A). This endpoint provides access to the comprehensive list of compliance policies defined within Prisma Cloud, including those applicable to images in the CI pipeline. It allows administrators to programmatically retrieve and review the policies to ensure that images meet the organization's compliance standards before they are deployed. The other options (B, C, D) specify endpoints that do not match the standard API endpoint format used by Prisma Cloud for accessing compliance policies, making them incorrect.

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

The correct RQL that will be triggered by the audit event shown in the snippet is Option B. This RQL specifies operations related to storage bucket creation and deletion, which match the provided audit event activity snippet that includes a request to set IAM permissions on a storage bucket. The RQL is designed to capture events that may indicate changes in access permissions or potential data security concerns.

In Prisma Cloud Compute, the scope of each rule within the host runtime policy is determined by the collection assigned to that rule. Collections in Prisma Cloud are logical groupings of resources, such as hosts, containers, or cloud accounts, that share common attributes or security requirements. By associating a rule with a specific collection, administrators can precisely define the context and applicability of the rule, ensuring that the runtime protection mechanisms are accurately targeted and effective. This approach enables granular control over security policies, allowing for tailored security measures that reflect the unique characteristics and needs of different resource groups within the multicloud environment.

To upgrade Defenders in a Kubernetes deployment with Console v20.04, the recommended options are to remove the Defenders DaemonSet (Option B) and then redeploy, or let Defenders automatically upgrade (Option D). By removing the Defenders DaemonSet, you can manually control the upgrade process, ensuring that new Defenders are deployed with the latest version. Allowing Defenders to automatically upgrade is a convenient option that minimizes manual intervention, as Defenders are designed to self-update to the latest version when available. The option to run a provided curl | bash script from the Console (Option A) is not a standard practice for upgrading Defenders in Kubernetes environments. Using Cloud Discovery to automatically redeploy Defenders (Option C) is not applicable in this context, as Cloud Discovery is more relevant to discovering cloud resources rather than managing Defender deployments.

When configuring a Prisma Cloud build policy specifically for Terraform, the type of query necessary is Terraform. Terraform is an infrastructure as code (IaC) tool that allows users to define and provision cloud infrastructure using a declarative configuration language. Prisma Cloud can analyze Terraform templates to identify potential security risks and misconfigurations before the infrastructure is provisioned, aligning with the best practices for integrating security into the application development pipeline and ensuring secure cloud configurations from the start​​.

The correct command to scan the nginx:latest image for vulnerabilities and compliance issues using the Prisma Cloud twistcli tool is shown in Option D. This command uses twistcli images scan with specified parameters for the console address, username, and password, and it outputs the results to a file named scan-results.json. This allows for the scanning results to be saved and reviewed in a structured format, which aids in further analysis and tracking of vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

To determine if AWS EC2 instances are running without encryption enabled, the appropriate RQL (Resource Query Language) type to use is CONFIG. CONFIG queries in Prisma Cloud are designed to inspect the configuration states of cloud resources and identify compliance with best practices or specific security requirements. By running a CONFIG query, administrators can assess the configuration settings of EC2 instances, including whether encryption features are enabled or not. This type of query allows for deep inspection of resource configurations within cloud environments, making it the ideal choice for identifying unencrypted EC2 instances and thereby helping to ensure data protection and compliance with security policies.

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In Azure, permissions can be assigned at various levels, including the subscription, resource group, and management group levels. Prisma Cloud’s Net Effective Permissions Calculation would typically support these levels to effectively calculate and assess permissions across the Azure environment. Therefore, the correct answers would be A: Resource groups, B: Subscription, and C: Management Group. The option marked as "Tenant" is not a selectable answer in the provided format and "Resources" is too generic as it does not specify the permission level.

In Prisma Cloud, saved searches in a cloud account are designed to be a collaborative feature, allowing users to create and share their search queries with others. The access to these saved searches is not limited to administrators or the creators only but extends to all users with whom the saved search has been explicitly shared. This sharing mechanism enables teams to efficiently collaborate on security and compliance monitoring by allowing users to leverage the insights and queries developed by their peers. It ensures that the knowledge and useful search parameters are not siloed but are accessible to all relevant team members, enhancing the overall security posture and efficiency of the organization.

In a Prisma Cloud environment where both agentless scanning and Defender-based scans (Host and Container Defenders) are configured, there is no inherent conflict between these two scanning methods. Both agentless scans and Defender scans are designed to complement each other, providing comprehensive coverage and depth in the security analysis of the environment. Agentless scans offer a broad, less intrusive overview, while Defender scans provide deep, detailed insights into the security posture. Therefore, both types of scans will run concurrently, enhancing the overall security visibility and protection of the environment without disabling or interfering with each other's operations.

The correct RQL (Resource Query Language) that detected the vulnerability is:

config from cloud.resource where cloud.type = 'aws' and api.name = 'aws-iam-get-credential-report' AND json.rule = '(access_key_1_active is true and access_key_1_last_rotated != N/A and DateTime. ageInDays (access_key_1_last_rotated) > 90) or (access_key_2_active is true and access_key_2_last_rotated != N/A and _DateTime. ageInDays (access_key_2_last_rotated) > 90)'

This RQL is designed to check the age of the AWS IAM user's access keys to ensure that they are rotated within a recommended period, typically 90 days. If the access keys have not been rotated within this timeframe, it would be considered a security risk or vulnerability, as old keys may potentially be compromised. By enforcing access key rotation, it minimizes the risk of unauthorized access.

The reference for this type of policy check can be seen in cloud security best practices that advocate for regular rotation of access keys to minimize the potential impact of key compromise. CSPM tools like Prisma Cloud include such checks to automate compliance with these best practices.

Block — Defender stops the entire container if a process that violates your policy attempts to run.

https://docs.prismacloudcompute.com/docs/enterprise_edition/runtime_defense/runtime_defense_containers.html#_effect

Prisma Cloud Compute Compliance enforcement for hosts covers several aspects to ensure a secure and compliant host environment, particularly within containerized environments. These include:

• Docker daemon configuration files: Ensuring that Docker daemon configuration files are set up according to best security practices is crucial. These files contain various settings that control the behavior of the Docker daemon, and misconfigurations can lead to security vulnerabilities.
• Docker daemon configuration: Beyond just the configuration files, the overall configuration of the Docker daemon itself is critical. This encompasses runtime settings and command-line options that determine how Docker containers are executed and managed on the host.
• Host configuration: The security of the underlying host on which Docker and other container runtimes are installed is paramount. This includes the configuration of the host's operating system, network settings, file permissions, and other system-level settings that can impact the security of the containerized applications running on top.

By focusing on these areas, Prisma Cloud ensures that not just the containers but also the environment they run in is secure, adhering to compliance standards and best practices to mitigate risks associated with containerized deployments.

When automated remediation is enabled in Prisma Cloud, it is designed to address all applicable open alerts, regardless of when they were generated. The system automatically applies remediation actions to resolve the identified security issues or compliance violations that triggered the alerts. Once the remediation actions are successfully completed, the system updates the status of the affected alerts to "resolved," indicating that the security issues have been addressed. This feature helps streamline the remediation process, reducing the manual effort required by security teams and ensuring that security issues are promptly resolved to maintain the integrity and security of the cloud environment.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and cloud security principles, an exclamation mark on the resource explorer page typically signifies that there is a compliance violation associated with the resource. Compliance violations occur when a resource does not adhere to established security and compliance policies or standards. These could include violations of industry regulations, internal company policies, or best practices for cloud security. The exclamation mark serves as a visual indicator to alert administrators or security teams to the presence of an issue that requires investigation and remediation to ensure the cloud environment's integrity and security.

The installation of the Prisma Cloud Console in a Kubernetes cluster involves a series of steps that start with preparing the necessary deployment configurations, typically provided as YAML files. The process begins by downloading and extracting the release tarball, which contains the necessary files and instructions for the deployment. After extracting the tarball, you generate YAML files for the Console deployment. These YAML files define the Kubernetes resources needed to deploy and run the Console, such as Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps. Finally, you deploy the Console by applying the generated YAML files using the kubectl command, which communicates with the Kubernetes API to create the specified resources in your cluster.

This process is aligned with Kubernetes best practices for deploying applications and is indicative of the steps required for deploying complex applications like the Prisma Cloud Console. The method ensures that all necessary configurations and dependencies are correctly defined and deployed in the Kubernetes environment.

Prisma Cloud integrates with various external systems to enhance its security capabilities by importing vulnerabilities and providing additional context. Among the options provided:

• A. Splunk: Prisma Cloud can integrate with Splunk for enhanced threat detection and security analytics, making it a correct choice.
• B. Amazon GuardDuty: Prisma Cloud can utilize findings from Amazon GuardDuty to provide additional threat intelligence and context on vulnerabilities within AWS environments, making it a correct choice.
• E. ServiceNow: Prisma Cloud can integrate with ServiceNow for incident management and workflow automation, providing context and remediation capabilities for vulnerabilities, making it a correct choice. Options C (Qualys) and D (Amazon Inspector) are not explicitly mentioned in the provided documents as integrated external systems for importing vulnerabilities into Prisma Cloud.

For scripting and programmatically querying user information and permissions within Prisma Cloud, the Prisma Cloud Compute API Reference is the most suitable resource. This API reference provides detailed information on the available endpoints, request formats, and response structures, specifically tailored for compute-related queries, including user and permission management within the Prisma Cloud Compute module. This resource is part of Prisma Cloud's comprehensive documentation that supports automation and integration with third-party systems, aligning with the platform's API-first approach to security management​​.

Prisma Cloud allows external notifications for policy violations to integrate with various third-party services and internal communication channels. Among the options, Splunk and Email are two services that can be configured to receive notifications about policy violations. Splunk, a software platform for searching, analyzing, and visualizing machine-generated data, can be integrated with Prisma Cloud to provide real-time security insights. Email notifications serve as a direct and accessible method to inform stakeholders about potential security issues, ensuring prompt attention and action.

Prisma Cloud's API documentation and extensive developer resources are primarily hosted on prisma.pan.dev, which is Palo Alto Networks' developer portal. This site offers comprehensive guides, API references, and resources for developers to integrate, automate, and extend the capabilities of Prisma Cloud within their applications and workflows. While docs.paloaltonetworks.com provides official product documentation, and Prisma Cloud Administrator’s Guide offers in-depth administrative guidance, prisma.pan.dev is specifically designed to serve as the hub for API documentation and developer resources. The Live Community is another valuable resource for peer support and discussions but is not the primary source for API documentation.

Managing Defender upgrades in a Prisma Cloud environment requires careful planning, especially in scenarios where not all Defenders can be upgraded simultaneously due to maintenance window constraints.

• Option C: Upgrade a subset of the Defenders by clicking the individual Actions > Upgrade button in the row that corresponds to the Defender that should be upgraded during the maintenance window is the recommended approach in this situation. This option allows administrators to manually select specific Defenders for upgrade within the available maintenance window, providing control over the upgrade process and ensuring that upgrades are aligned with operational requirements and maintenance schedules.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Defender Management Documentation: Details the procedures for managing and upgrading Prisma Cloud Defenders, including manual upgrade processes for individual Defenders.
• Best Practices for Managing Defender Upgrades: Offers guidelines on effectively planning and executing Defender upgrades, emphasizing the importance of aligning upgrade activities with maintenance windows to minimize disruption to the development environment.

Outbound notifications in Prisma Cloud refer to the integration with external systems or services for the purpose of alerting or incident management.

• Option D: PagerDuty is an example of an outbound notification within Prisma Cloud. PagerDuty is a popular incident response and alerting service that teams use to manage, track, and respond to incidents in real-time. Prisma Cloud's integration with PagerDuty allows organizations to automatically forward alerts from Prisma Cloud to PagerDuty, enabling streamlined incident management and response workflows.

References:

• Prisma Cloud Integration Documentation: Provides instructions for integrating Prisma Cloud with various external services, including PagerDuty, to enhance alerting and incident management capabilities.
• Incident Management Best Practices: Discusses strategies for effective incident management, highlighting the role of integrations with external alerting services like PagerDuty in improving response times and incident resolution.

To authenticate to Prisma Cloud Enterprise programmatically, the use of an access key is the most suitable method among the given options. Access keys, typically consisting of an Access Key ID and Secret Access Key, are used for programmatic calls to the Prisma Cloud API. This method enables secure, authenticated API requests to Prisma Cloud services without requiring manual user intervention, which is essential for automation and integration with CI/CD pipelines.

Reference to the use of access keys for programmatic access can often be found in the API documentation of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud. While specific documentation from Prisma Cloud is not directly quoted here, the general practice across cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) supports the use of access keys for API authentication, making it a verified approach for Prisma Cloud as well.

Scanning serverless functions for vulnerabilities and compliance issues is a critical aspect of securing serverless architectures. Prisma Cloud provides a CLI tool, twistcli, which supports scanning serverless function packages.

• Option A: twistcli function scan is the correct command for scanning serverless functions. This command allows users to scan the serverless function package (typically a ZIP file) for vulnerabilities, compliance issues, and other security concerns before deployment. By incorporating this scanning step into the CI/CD pipeline, organizations can ensure that their serverless functions are secure and compliant with relevant policies and standards before they are deployed to production.

References:

• Prisma Cloud twistcli Documentation: Provides comprehensive usage instructions for the twistcli tool, including commands for scanning serverless functions, container images, and IaC templates.
• Serverless Security Best Practices: Discusses the unique security considerations for serverless architectures and the importance of pre-deployment scanning to identify and remediate potential security risks in serverless function code.

The data security dashboard in Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive overview of the security posture related to cloud data storage. However, certain information types, such as the identity of the bucket owner and the actual content within an object, are not typically displayed on such dashboards. This is because the dashboard focuses more on aggregated data profiles, exposure levels, and compliance-related information rather than individual ownership details or the specific content of objects, which may require separate detailed analysis or are managed through different security mechanisms.

The alert "AWS S3 buckets are accessible to public" is generated due to the configuration of the S3 bucket, which has been set in a way that allows public access. The policy definition provided checks for various conditions that would make an S3 bucket publicly accessible, such as grants to 'AllUsers', the absence of a 'publicAccessBlockConfiguration', or specific configurations that do not restrict public access. Therefore, the alert is triggered by the configuration settings of the S3 bucket that violate the policy's criteria for public accessibility.

By default, Prisma Cloud's vulnerability policy is configured to alert on all detected vulnerabilities across containers and images, without filtering based on the severity of the vulnerabilities. This default setting ensures that administrators are made aware of all potential security issues, providing them with comprehensive visibility into the security posture of their environment. Administrators can then assess and prioritize these vulnerabilities based on their context, severity, and impact on the organization's assets​​.

When a Prisma Cloud administrator is onboarding a single GCP project to Prisma Cloud, the Terraform script can perform several steps to facilitate this integration. The steps include B. create the Prisma Cloud role, which is essential for defining the permissions and capabilities that Prisma Cloud will have within the GCP environment, and C. enable the required APIs for Prisma Cloud, ensuring that Prisma Cloud can access the necessary GCP services and features for comprehensive cloud security management.

• Create SNS Topic Triggers: No data security scan
• Select an S3 bucket: Forward Scan only
• Select an S3 bucket with existing files: Forward or Backward Scan
• Link an S3 logging to CloudTrail: Backward Scan only

The scanning mode for Data Security in AWS typically depends on the configuration and the desired outcomes for monitoring and protecting data within S3 buckets.

Creating SNS Topic Triggers is a configuration step that does not directly involve scanning. It is part of setting up notifications for events in S3 buckets, but on its own, it does not initiate a data security scan.

Selecting an S3 bucket without specifying existing files typically implies that you intend to scan new objects as they are added to the bucket, which is known as a Forward Scan. This mode is proactive and scans files upon their arrival in the bucket.

When you select an S3 bucket with existing files, you can perform either Forward Scanning for new files or Backward Scanning to scan all existing files in the bucket. This option provides the most comprehensive scanning coverage for both new and existing data.

Linking an S3 logging to CloudTrail is usually a step taken to monitor access and changes to S3 resources. In the context of scanning, linking S3 to CloudTrail does not initiate a scan, but the CloudTrail logs can be used to trigger a Backward Scan if configured to do so, which scans historical files in the bucket based on CloudTrail events.

In the Data Security module of cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud, the types of bucket exposures typically include Public (option A), Private (option B), and Conditional (option E). Public buckets are accessible by anyone on the internet, posing a significant data leakage risk. Private buckets are restricted to authorized users only, offering a higher level of security. Conditional exposure involves buckets that may be accessible under certain conditions or to specific users, requiring careful configuration and policy enforcement to prevent unauthorized access. International (option C) and Differential (option D) do not represent standard types of bucket exposures in cloud security contexts.

In Prisma Cloud's alarm center, when an alert notification is deleted, the system is designed to suppress similar alarms for a default duration to prevent alert fatigue and allow administrators to address the underlying issue without being overwhelmed by repetitive notifications. The default suppression duration is set to 12 hours. This means that once an alert is deleted, any similar alarms triggered by the same conditions or configurations will not be generated for the next 12 hours. This feature helps in managing the alert volume, allowing security teams to prioritize and focus on remediation efforts effectively without the distraction of recurring alerts for the same issue.

Prisma Cloud integrates with various secret managers to manage sensitive information such as passwords, tokens, and keys. However, it cannot integrate with IBM Secret Manager. The other options, Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, and AWS Secret Manager, are supported for integration with Prisma Cloud, providing secure storage and handling of secrets.

To enable a user to interact programmatically with Prisma Cloud APIs and for a nonhuman entity to access keys, the correct action is to create a role and assign it to the Service Account (D). Service accounts in Prisma Cloud are designed for programmatic access by applications or automated tools, allowing these entities to interact with Prisma Cloud APIs securely. By creating a specific role with the necessary permissions and assigning it to a service account, administrators can ensure that the entity has the appropriate level of access required for its operations, aligning with the principle of least privilege and enhancing the security posture of API interactions.

The correct construction for scanning a container image using the TwistCLI tool in Prisma Cloud is option B. This command specifies the address of the Prisma Cloud Console and the image to be scanned, including its tag. The TwistCLI tool is part of Prisma Cloud's capabilities to integrate security into the CI/CD pipeline, allowing for the scanning of images for vulnerabilities as part of the build process, thus ensuring that only secure images are deployed​​.

To detect and alert on cryptominer network activity, the policy type that should be used is an Anomaly policy. Anomaly policies in Prisma Cloud are designed to identify unusual and potentially malicious activities, including the network patterns typical of cryptomining operations. These policies leverage behavioral analytics to spot deviations from normal operations, making Option B the correct answer.

In Prisma Cloud, compliance reports can be generated on a one-time basis or on a recurring schedule. The option for a one-time report allows users to generate a specific report instantly based on the current state of the environment. The recurring option enables users to set up automatic generation of reports at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, to track compliance over time. This functionality ensures continuous compliance monitoring and helps in maintaining security standards across cloud resources.

• POST https://api.prismacloud.io/login
• GET https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys
• PATCH https://api.prismacloud.io/access_keys//status/

To write a script that automatically deactivates access keys that have not been used for 30 days, an administrator would need to follow an ordered sequence of API calls to the Prisma Cloud platform.

The first API call must authenticate the script with the Prisma Cloud API, which is typically done using a POST request to the login endpoint. This step is necessary to establish a session and retrieve an authentication token required for subsequent API calls.

Once the script is authenticated, the next call is a GET request to the access_keys endpoint. This retrieves a list of all access keys within the environment. The script can then parse through these keys to determine which ones have not been used within the specified timeframe of 30 days.

For each access key that meets the criteria (unused for 30 days), the script must send a PATCH request to the specific access key's endpoint, which includes the access key ID and the desired status. This request will change the status of the access key to 'inactive' or a similar status that denotes deactivation.

Following this ordered sequence ensures that the script systematically authenticates, evaluates, and updates the status of access keys based on their usage, thereby maintaining security and compliance within the Prisma Cloud environment.

When an administrator adds a Cloud account to Prisma Cloud and then deletes it, if the deleted account is added back to Prisma Cloud within a 24-hour period, the existing alerts associated with that account will be displayed again. This behavior ensures continuity in monitoring and alerting, allowing security teams to retain visibility into potential security issues or compliance violations associated with the cloud account. Re-displaying existing alerts helps maintain a consistent security posture and ensures that no critical alerts are overlooked during the re-addition process.

In the context of associating Prisma Cloud policies with compliance frameworks, the most appropriate option is "Custom compliance." Prisma Cloud provides a comprehensive set of security and compliance policies that can be applied to cloud environments. While predefined policies cover a wide range of compliance standards and best practices, every organization has unique requirements and may follow specific compliance frameworks that are not directly included in the predefined policies. Custom compliance allows organizations to define their own compliance frameworks and associate specific Prisma Cloud policies with these custom frameworks. This flexibility ensures that organizations can maintain compliance with their specific regulatory and industry standards, tailoring the Prisma Cloud policies to meet their unique compliance needs. Custom compliance frameworks can be created within Prisma Cloud to include a collection of policies that address the specific controls and requirements of the organization's chosen compliance standards, providing a tailored approach to cloud security and compliance.

A true statement about build and run policies is A. Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates. This capability is crucial for identifying potential security issues early in the development process, allowing for proactive mitigation before deployment, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the applications and infrastructure being developed.

In AWS, the net effective permissions are calculated based on various policy types and identities. The correct choices are:

• A. AWS service control policies (SCPs): SCPs are used in AWS Organizations to manage permissions for all accounts within the organization, affecting the net effective permissions.
• B. AWS IAM group: IAM groups define a set of permissions for a collection of users, influencing their effective permissions.
• C. AWS IAM role: IAM roles provide temporary security credentials to assume a set of permissions, impacting the net effective permissions. Option D (AWS IAM User) and E (AWS IAM tag policy) also play roles in defining permissions, but A, B, and C are the primary types used in calculating net effective permissions, making them the correct choices.