The best option for configuring Cloud Logging to log each IP address that accesses the API by using the fewest number of steps is to enable logging on the firewall rule. A firewall rule is a rule that controls the traffic to and from your Compute Engine instances. You can enable logging on a firewall rule to capture information about the traffic that matches the rule, such as source and destination IP addresses, protocols, ports, and actions. You can use Cloud Logging to view and export the firewall logs to other destinations, such as BigQuery, for further analysis.

The keywords here is "developers or operators". Option A the operators could push images to production without approval (operators could touch the cluster directly and the cluster cannot do any action against them). Rest same as francisco_guerra.

The best way to prevent severe incidents from happening in the future is to ensure that test cases that catch errors of this type are run successfully before new software releases. This is aligned with the Site Reliability Engineering principle of testing for reliability.

To restrict access to specific sensitive log fields (e.g. PII), Google Cloud offers Log field-level access control. You can apply field-level restrictions and then assign the Log Field Accessor role only to trusted personnel.

“You can use field-level access control to restrict access to certain fields in your logs. For example, you can restrict access to jsonPayload.user_email.”

— Cloud Logging Field-Level Access

“Grant the roles/logging.fieldAccessor role to principals that require access to these restricted fields.”

— Log Field Accessor Role

This lets your operations team continue using logs while ensuring that PII is only visible to the security team, fulfilling your compliance obligations.

Reason : Incident has not occurred yet, even when development team is already pushing new features multiple times a week. The option A says, to define an error budget "policy", not to define error budget(It is already present). Just simple means to bring in all stakeholders, and decide how to consume the error budget effectively that could bring balance between feature deployment and reliability.

The goals of this policy are to: -- Protect customers from repeated SLO misses -- Provide an incentive to balance reliability with other featureshttps://sre.google/workbook/error-budget-policy/

The best option to give developers the ability to manage infrastructure as code, while ensuring that you follow Google-recommended practices, is to install and configure Config Connector in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE).

Config Connector is a Kubernetes add-on that allows you to manage Google Cloud resources through Kubernetes. You can use Config Connector to create, update, and delete Google Cloud resources using Kubernetes manifests.Config Connector also reconciles the state of the Google Cloud resources with the desired state defined in the manifests, ensuring that there is no configuration drift1.

Config Connector follows the GitOps methodology, as it allows you to store your infrastructure configuration in a Git repository, and use tools such as Anthos Config Management or Cloud Source Repositories to sync the configuration to your GKE cluster.This way, you can use Git as the source of truth for your infrastructure, and enable reviewable and version-controlled workflows2.

Config Connector can be installed and configured in GKE using either the Google Cloud Console or the gcloud command-line tool. You need to enable the Config Connector add-on for your GKE cluster, and create a Google Cloud service account with the necessary permissions to manage the Google Cloud resources.You also need to create a Kubernetes namespace for each Google Cloud project that you want to manage with Config Connector3.

By using Config Connector in GKE, you can give developers the ability to manage infrastructure as code, while ensuring that you follow Google-recommended practices.You can also benefit from the features and advantages of Kubernetes, such as declarative configuration, observability, and portability4.

The best option for implementing the rollback actions is to update the Kubernetes Service to point to the previous Kubernetes Deployment. A Kubernetes Service is a resource that defines how to access a set of Pods. A Kubernetes Deployment is a resource that manages the creation and update of Pods. By using the blue/green deployment methodology, you can create two Deployments, one for the current version (blue) and one for the new version (green), and use a Service to switch traffic between them. If you need to rollback, you can update the Service to point to the previous Deployment (blue) and stop sending traffic to the new Deployment (green).