Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile, the analysis phase (often part of sprint planning or backlog refinement) involves gathering and refining requirements, typically as user stories or features, based on stakeholder input. According to foundational programming principles and Agile methodologies (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide, Agile Manifesto), the analysis phase focuses on defining what the system should do.

Agile Analysis Phase:

Identifies and prioritizes requirements, often incorporating customer feedback.

Produces user stories or feature lists (e.g., “add new animation effects”).

Option A: "Deciding that new capabilities in the animation application will be written as functions without the need for any new objects." This is incorrect. This decision involves technical design (e.g., choosing procedural vs. object-oriented approaches), which occurs in the design phase, not analysis.

Option B: "Sending the application to customers for additional evaluation after new features are added." This is incorrect. This occurs during testing or deployment phases (e.g., sprint review or user acceptance testing), not analysis.

Option C: "Deciding to add five new capabilities to the animation application based on customer feedback." This is correct. In Agile, analysis includes refining the product backlog by adding new features (capabilities) based on customer feedback, such as new animation effects or tools.

Option D: "Writing the code for five new capabilities." This is incorrect. Writing code occurs during the implementation phase, not analysis.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Analysis).

Agile Manifesto: “Customer Collaboration” (http://agilemanifesto.org/).

Cohn, M., User Stories Applied (Chapter 2: Agile Requirements).

Here's the typical flow of the Waterfall software development model:

Analysis: This phase focuses on defining the problem and gathering detailed requirements for the software. Understanding the specific mathematical operations to support is a key part of this phase.

Design: Designers turn the requirements from the analysis phase into a concrete blueprint for the software. This includes architectural and detailed design decisions covering how those mathematical operations will be implemented.

Implementation: Developers take the design and translate it into working code, writing the modules and functions to perform the calculations.

Testing: Testers verify the software to ensure it meets the requirements, including testing how the implemented calculator functions handle different operations.

Maintenance: Ongoing support after deployment to address bugs and introduce potential changes or enhancements.

Why the other options are less accurate:

A. Design and Testing: While testing validates the calculator's functions, the determination of the required operations happens earlier in the process.

B. Implementation and Testing: Implementation builds the calculator, but the specifications and choice of operations happen before coding starts.

C. Design and Implementation: Though closely linked, the design phase finalizes the operation choices before implementation begins.

Interpreted languages are designed to be executed one statement at a time by an interpreter. This allows for immediate execution and feedback, which is useful for debugging and interactive use. Unlike compiled languages, interpreted languages do not generate machine code prior to execution, and they do not produce syntax errors during compilation because there is no compilation step. They are not restricted to one machine, as the interpreter can be implemented on various systems, and they do not require the programmer to write machine code.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A valid test checks if the algorithm produces the expected output for a given input, according to its specification. The algorithm outputs "OK" for numbers in the range [98.3, 98.9] (inclusive or exclusive bounds not specified, but typically inclusive in such problems) and "Not OK" otherwise. According to foundational programming principles, we evaluate each test case.

Specification:

Input in [98.3, 98.9] → Output: "OK".

Input outside [98.3, 98.9] → Output: "Not OK".

Option A: "Input 98.6. Ensure output is 'Not OK.'" Incorrect. Since 98.6 is between 98.3 and 98.9 (98.3 ≤ 98.6 ≤ 98.9), the output should be "OK", not "Not OK". This test is invalid.

Option B: "Input 98.6. Ensure output is 'OK.'" Correct. 98.6 is within the range, and the expected output is "OK", making this a valid test.

Option C: "Input 99.9. Ensure output is 'OK.'" Incorrect. 99.9 is outside the range (99.9 > 98.9), so the output should be "Not OK", not "OK". This test is invalid.

Option D: "Input 99.9. Ensure output is '98.9.'" Incorrect. The algorithm outputs either "OK" or "Not OK", not a numerical value like "98.9". This test is invalid.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithm Testing).

General Programming Principles: Testing and Validation.

W3Schools: “Python Conditions” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_conditions.asp).

E. The programmer can improve productivity by using libraries.

Why: Libraries offer pre-written, tested code for common tasks. This saves developers time and effort, leading to increased productivity.

F. Using a library prevents a programmer from having to code common tasks by hand.

Why: The core purpose of libraries is to provide reusable code solutions. This eliminates the need to reinvent the wheel for frequently used functions and operations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A function that calculates the average of two numbers (x and y) needs to take those numbers as inputs (parameters) and return their average as the output. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), functions should accept necessary inputs and return computed results, avoiding unnecessary parameters or outputs.

Option A: "Parameters: x, y, average; Return value: none." This is incorrect. Including average as a parameter is unnecessary since it is the result to be computed. A function with no return value (void in C) would not provide the average to the caller, which defeats the purpose.

Option B: "Parameters: x, y; Return value: average." This is correct. The function needs x and y as inputs to compute (x + y) / 2. The average is returned to the caller. For example, in Python: def average(x, y): return (x + y) / 2.

Option C: "Parameters: none; Return values: x, y." This is incorrect. Without parameters, the function cannot access x and y to compute the average. Returning x and y is irrelevant to the task.

Option D: "Parameters: average; Return values: x, y." This is incorrect. average is the output, not an input, and returning x and y does not provide the computed average.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions).

Python Documentation: “Defining Functions” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions).

W3Schools: “C Functions” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

The algorithm is designed to output “OK” if the input number is within the range of 98.3 to 98.9. Therefore, the valid test would be one that checks if the algorithm correctly identifies a number within this range and outputs “OK”. Option B provides an input of 98.6, which falls within the specified range, and expects the correct output of “OK”, making it a valid test case for the algorithm.

The provided code defines a function named F that takes two strings si and l2 as input. However, there seems to be a typo in the variable names (si instead of sign and l2 instead of horse).

Inside the function:

Put sl to output: This line likely has a typo as well. It's intended to print the input strings, but there's a missing space between si and l2. Assuming the correction, this line would concatenate si and l2 with a space and print it.

Put 2 to output: This line would print the number 2.

and : This line by itself wouldn't print anything.

Calling the Function Twice:

If F(sign, horse) is called twice:

First Call:

It would likely print "sign horse" (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by "2".

Second Call:

It would likely print "sign horse" (assuming the space is added between si and l2) followed by "2" again.

Total Output:

Therefore, the total output when F(sign, horse) is called twice would be:

sign horse 2

sign horse 2

A statically typed language is one where the type of a variable is known at compile time. This means that the type of each variable must be declared and does not change throughout the program’s execution. While this can lead to a larger number of variable declarations and sometimes conversions, it also allows for type checking at compile time, which can catch many errors before the program runs. Statically typed languages include Java, C, C++, and others123.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A compiled programming language is one where the source code is translated into machine code (or an intermediate form) by a compiler before execution. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), this process results in an executable file that can run independently of the compiler.

Option A: "The program usually runs slower than an interpreted language." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, C++) typically produce machine code that runs faster than interpreted languages (e.g., Python), as the translation to machine code is done beforehand, avoiding runtime interpretation overhead.

Option B: "The code runs directly one statement at a time by another program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler translates the entire program into machine code before execution, not one statement at a time. Running code one statement at a time is characteristic of an interpreter, not a compiler.

Option C: "The code must be compiled into machine code in the form of an executable file before execution." This is correct. In compiled languages like C or Java (which compiles to bytecode), the source code is translated into machine code or an intermediate form (e.g., .exe or .class files) that can be executed directly by the machine or a virtual machine.

Option D: "The code does not require being translated into machine code but can be run by a separate program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler’s role is to translate code into machine code. Running code without translation describes an interpreted language, and the term “compiler” is misused here.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011).

W3Schools: “C Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_intro.php).

A compiled language is one where the source code is translated into machine code by a compiler. This machine code is specific to the type of machine it is compiled for, meaning the same compiled code cannot be run on different types of machines without being recompiled. This process differs from interpreted languages, where the source code is not directly converted into machine code but is instead read and executed by an interpreter, which allows for cross-platform compatibility. Compiled languages are known for their performance efficiency because the machine code is executed directly by the computer’s hardware.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm counts how many times d can be subtracted from i until i is less than d, effectively computing the integer division i / d. According to foundational programming principles, we trace the loop execution.

Initial State:

i = 61, d = 6, c = 0.

Loop Execution:

While i >= d (i.e., 61 >= 6):

c = c + 1 (increment counter).

i = i - d (subtract d from i).

Iterations:

1: i = 61, c = 0 + 1 = 1, i = 61 - 6 = 55.

2: i = 55, c = 1 + 1 = 2, i = 55 - 6 = 49.

3: i = 49, c = 2 + 1 = 3, i = 49 - 6 = 43.

4: i = 43, c = 3 + 1 = 4, i = 43 - 6 = 37.

5: i = 37, c = 4 + 1 = 5, i = 37 - 6 = 31.

6: i = 31, c = 5 + 1 = 6, i = 31 - 6 = 25.

7: i = 25, c = 6 + 1 = 7, i = 25 - 6 = 19.

8: i = 19, c = 7 + 1 = 8, i = 19 - 6 = 13.

9: i = 13, c = 8 + 1 = 9, i = 13 - 6 = 7.

10: i = 7, c = 9 + 1 = 10, i = 7 - 6 = 1.

Stop: i = 1 < 6, exit loop.

Output: Put c to output outputs c = 10.

Verification: 61 ÷ 6 = 10 (integer division), with remainder 1 (since 61 - 6 * 10 = 1).

Option A: "1." Incorrect. This would occur after one iteration.

Option B: "5." Incorrect. This is too low; c reaches 10.

Option C: "10." Correct. Matches the count of subtractions.

Option D: "60." Incorrect. This is unrelated to the algorithm’s logic.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Loops and Counters).

Python Documentation: “While Loops” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#while).

W3Schools: “C While Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_while_loop.php).

Initialize two variables: x and Count to zero.

Iterate through each number in the NumList.

For each number in the list:

Add the number to x.

Increment Count by one.

After processing all numbers in the list, calculate the average:

Average = x / Count.

The NumList contains the following integers: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8].

Calculating the average: (1 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) / 6 = 30 / 6 = 5.0.

However, none of the provided options match this result. It seems there might be an error in either the options or the calculation.

In the Agile software development life cycle, the Implementation phase is where the actual coding and development of the project take place. This is the stage where a function to calculate shipping costs based on an item’s weight and delivery zip code would be created. The Implementation phase involves translating the design and analysis work into functional software components. It’s during this phase that developers write code and build features that will eventually be tested and refined in subsequent phases.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The modulo operator (%) returns the remainder when the first operand is divided by the second. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., C and Python standards), for integers x and y, x % y computes the remainder of x ÷ y.

Given: x = 41, y = 16.

Compute: 41 ÷ 16 = 2 (quotient, ignoring decimal) with a remainder.

16 × 2 = 32, and 41 - 32 = 9. Thus, 41 % 16 = 9.

Option A: "-15." This is incorrect. The modulo operation with positive integers yields a non-negative result.

Option B: "-11." This is incorrect. The result is positive and based on the remainder.

Option C: "-8." This is incorrect. The remainder cannot be negative here.

Option D: "9." This is correct, as calculated above.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Multiplicative Operators).

Python Documentation: “Modulo Operator” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#binary-arithmetic-operations).

The loop condition expression is the part of a loop that determines whether the loop will continue to execute or terminate. It is evaluated before each iteration of the loop, and if it evaluates to true, the loop body is executed; if it evaluates to false, the loop terminates. In the options provided, F < 27 is a Boolean expression that checks if f is less than 27, which is typical of a loop condition used to control the number of iterations of the loop.

 To find an expression that evaluates to 14 when y = 13, let’s evaluate each option:

A. 11 + y % 5: The modulo operation (%) gives the remainder after division. For y = 13, 13 % 5 equals 3. Adding 11 to 3 results in 14, so this expression is correct.

B. 11 - y / 5.0: Dividing 13 by 5.0 gives 2.6. Subtracting 2.6 from 11 does not yield 14, so this expression is incorrect.

C. (11 + y) % 5: Adding 11 to 13 results in 24. Taking the modulo of 24 with 5 gives 4, which is not equal to 14. Therefore, this expression is incorrect.

D. 11.0 - y / 5: Dividing 13 by 5 gives 2.6. Subtracting 2.6 from 11.0 does not yield 14, so this expression is incorrect.

The correct expression is A. 11 + y % 5.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The algorithm calculates the positive difference between x and y (i.e., |x - y|). According to foundational programming principles, an algorithm’s steps must be executed in a logical order, and variables must be declared before they are used.

Steps Analysis:

Declare variable Diff: Creates the variable Diff to store the result. Must occur first, as other steps use Diff.

Set Diff = x - y: Computes the difference, assuming x >= y. Requires Diff to exist.

If y > x, set Diff = y - x: Adjusts Diff to ensure it’s positive if y > x. Requires Diff to exist.

Put Diff to output: Outputs the final result. Must occur last, after Diff is computed.

Logical Order:

Declare Diff (create variable).

Set Diff = x - y (initial difference).

If y > x, set Diff = y - x (ensure positive).

Output Diff.

Option A: "Put Diff to output." Incorrect. Outputting Diff requires it to be computed, which happens after declaration and calculation.

Option B: "Set Diff = x - y." Incorrect. Setting Diff requires Diff to be declared first.

Option C: "If y > x, set Diff = y - x." Incorrect. This step uses Diff, so declaration must precede it.

Option D: "Declare variable Diff." Correct. Declaring Diff is the first step, as all other steps depend on Diff existing.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Algorithms and Variables).

Python Documentation: “Variable Declaration” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assignment-statements).

W3Schools: “C Variables” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_variables.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A string is a data type used to store sequences of characters, such as text or words. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), strings are ideal for textual data but not for numerical or boolean values, which have specific data types (e.g., integers, floats, booleans).

Option A: "A true/false indication of whether a number is composite." This is incorrect. A true/false value is a boolean, not a string. In most languages (e.g., Python’s True/False, C’s 0/1), booleans are a distinct type.

Option B: "A positive number between 2 and 3." This is incorrect. A number between 2 and 3 (e.g., 2.5) is a floating-point value, not a string. Strings could represent numbers as text (e.g., "2.5"), but this is not the primary use.

Option C: "The word 'positive'." This is correct. The word "positive" is a sequence of characters, perfectly suited for a string data type (e.g., char[] in C, str in Python).

Option D: "A positive whole number." This is incorrect. Whole numbers are stored as integers (e.g., int in C or Python), not strings, unless represented as text (e.g., "123"), which is not implied here.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Data Types).

Python Documentation: “Strings” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#text-sequence-type-str).

W3Schools: “C Strings” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_strings.php).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The term “based on a series of cells” is commonly associated with markup languages, particularly in the context of web development, where content is structured in a hierarchical or cell-based layout (e.g., HTML tables or CSS grid systems). According to foundational programming principles, markup languages like HTML are characterized by their use of tags to define elements, which can be visualized as cells or containers for content.

Option A: "Functional." This is incorrect. Functional languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp) focus on functions as first-class citizens and immutability, not on a cell-based structure.

Option B: "Static." This is incorrect. “Static” refers to typing (where types are fixed at compile time) or analysis, not a cell-based structure.

Option C: "Markup." This is correct. Markup languages like HTML use tags to create elements that can be arranged in a cell-like structure (e.g.,

or
elements in a grid). In web design, tables and CSS layouts are often described as cell-based.

Option D: "Compiled." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, Java) are translated into machine code before execution, but they are not characterized by a cell-based structure.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Tables” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “CSS Grid Layout” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout).

Question # 24

The steps in an algorithm to calculate the positive difference in two given values, x and y, are given in no particular order:



What is the first step of the algorithm?

A.

Set Diff = x - y

B.

Put Diff to output

C.

Deduce variable Diff

D.

If y > x, set Diff = y - x.

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The first step in the algorithm to calculate the positive difference between two given values, x and y, is to declare the variable Diff. This is essential as it initializes the variable that will be used to store the calculated difference between x and y. The subsequent steps involve conditional statements and arithmetic operations that utilize this declared variable to compute and store the positive difference. References: N/A (as per image provided)

The image shows steps of an algorithm listed in no particular order for calculating the positive difference between two values, making it relevant for understanding or teaching algorithmic logic and sequence.

Question # 25

A program adds a service fee to the total cost of concert tickets when the tickets are printed and mailed to customers. Another service fee is also added if the tickets are delivered overnight. Which control structure should be used?

A.

While loop

B.

Do-while loop

C.

If statement

D.

Multiple if statements

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The program applies service fees based on two independent conditions: (1) if tickets are printed and mailed, and (2) if tickets are delivered overnight. According to foundational programming principles, multiple independent conditions are best handled by separate if statements, as each fee is applied conditionally and does not require iteration.

Option A: "While loop." This is incorrect. A while loop is used for repeated execution, but applying fees is a one-time decision per ticket order, not a repetitive task.

Option B: "Do-while loop." This is incorrect. A do-while loop guarantees at least one iteration, which is unnecessary here, as the fee application is a single check.

Option C: "If statement." This is incorrect. A single if statement can handle one condition, but two independent conditions (mailed and overnight) require separate checks.

Option D: "Multiple if statements." This is correct. Two if statements can independently check each condition and add the corresponding fee. For example, in Python:

total = ticket_cost

if mailed:

total += mail_fee

if overnight:

total += overnight_fee

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Control Structures: Conditionals).

Python Documentation: “If Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements).

W3Schools: “C If Statement” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_if_else.php).

Question # 26
Which expression evaluates to 3.7 if float x = 17.0?
A.
X + 2 / 10
B.
(2 + x) / 10.0
C.
X + 2.0 / 10
D.
2 + x / 10
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A. X + 2 / 10:
First, calculate 2 / 10, which is 0.2.

Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.
B. (2 + x) / 10.0:
First, add 2 and x (17.0), which gives 19.0.

Then divide 19.0 by 10.0, resulting in 3.7.
C. X + 2.0 / 10:
First, calculate 2.0 / 10, which is 0.2.

Then add x (17.0) to 0.2, resulting in 17.2. This does not equal 3.7.
D. 2 + x / 10:
First, divide x (17.0) by 10, which gives 1.7.

Then add 2 to 1.7, resulting in 3.7.
Therefore, option B is the correct expression.
[References:, Mathway - Math Calculator, Quizlet - Scripting and Programming Actual FINAL PREP- Foundations, , ]
Question # 27

What are two examples of equality operators?

Choose 2 answers.

A.

-

B.

==

C.

/

D.

not

E.

<=

F.

!=

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

B, F

Explanation:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Equality operators compare two values to determine if they are equal or not equal, returning a boolean result. According to foundational programming principles, common equality operators are == (equal to) and != (not equal to).

Option A: "-." This is incorrect. The subtraction operator (-) is an arithmetic operator, not an equality operator.

Option B: "==." This is correct. The equality operator (==) checks if two values are equal (e.g., 5 == 5 returns True).

Option C: "/." This is incorrect. The division operator (/) is an arithmetic operator, not an equality operator.

Option D: "not." This is incorrect. The not operator is a logical operator that negates a boolean value, not an equality operator.

Option E: "<=." This is incorrect. The less-than-or-equal-to operator (<=) is a relational (comparison) operator, not an equality operator.

Option F: "!=." This is correct. The not-equal-to operator (!=) checks if two values are not equal (e.g., 5 != 3 returns True).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Operators).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011, Section on Equality Operators).

W3Schools: “Python Operators” (https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_operators.asp).

Question # 28

What is one task that could be accomplished using a while loop?

A.

When the user inputs a number, the program outputs "True" when the number is a multiple of 10.

B.

The user inputs an integer, and the program prints out whether the number is even or odd and whether the number is positive, negative, or zero.

C.

After inputting two numbers, the program prints out the larger of the two.

D.

A user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until either a correct password is entered or five attempts have been made.

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a condition is true, making it suitable for tasks requiring iteration until a condition changes. According to foundational programming principles, while loops are ideal for scenarios with an unknown number of iterations or conditional repetition.

Option A: "When the user inputs a number, the program outputs 'True' when the number is a multiple of 10." This is incorrect. This task requires a single check (number % 10 == 0), which can be done with an if statement, not a loop.

Option B: "The user inputs an integer, and the program prints out whether the number is even or odd and whether the number is positive, negative, or zero." This is incorrect. This task involves a single input and multiple conditional checks, handled by if statements, not a loop.

Option C: "After inputting two numbers, the program prints out the larger of the two." This is incorrect. Comparing two numbers requires a single if statement (e.g., if (a > b)), not a loop.

Option D: "A user is asked to enter a password repeatedly until either a correct password is entered or five attempts have been made." This is correct. This task requires repeated input until a condition is met (correct password or five attempts), which is ideal for a while loop. For example, in Python:

attempts = 0

while attempts < 5 and input("Password: ") != "correct":

attempts += 1

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Control Structures: Loops).

Python Documentation: “While Statements” (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#while).

W3Schools: “C While Loop” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_while_loop.php).

Question # 29

What is the purpose of an activity diagram, such as the following diagram?



A.

Describes the execution flow of the PrintPositive activity

B.

Specifics the program’s components that must be present

C.

Visualizes the program's data values

D.

Specifies the program's behavioral requirements

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Activity diagrams are another type of UML diagram used to model the workflow or flow of control within a system.

They visually represent the steps performed by a system to complete a specific activity.

They use a set of symbols, including rounded rectangles for activities, diamonds for decisions, and arrows to show the flow between steps.

The activity diagram shows the workflow of a process called "PrintPositive".

It starts with a single initial state (represented by a black circle) labeled "Get Input".

There's a decision diamond labeled "Negative?" with two paths.

The "Yes" path leads to an activity "Negate".

The "No" path leads directly to an activity "Print Output".

Both paths end with a black circle labeled "End".

How it describes the execution flow:

The diagram indicates that the process starts by getting some input.

Then, there's a decision made based on whether the input is negative.

If it's negative, the value is negated.

In either case (positive or negative), the output is printed.

Finally, the process ends.

Summary:

The activity diagram captures the steps involved in the "PrintPositive" activity, including the decision-making process and the alternative paths based on the input. This aligns with the purpose of describing the execution flow.

Question # 30
Consider the given flowchart.

What is the output of the input is 7?
A.
Within 5
B.
Within 2
C.
Equal
D.
Not close
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Start with the input value (in this case, 7).

Follow the flowchart’s paths and apply the operations as indicated by the symbols and connectors.

The rectangles represent processes or actions to be taken.

The diamonds represent decision points where you will need to answer yes or no and follow the corresponding path.

The parallelograms represent inputs/outputs within the flowchart.

Use the input value and apply the operations as you move through the flowchart from start to finish.
[References:, Flowchart analysis is based on the understanding of flowchart symbols and their meanings, which can be found in resources such as ASQ’s guide to flowcharts1 and Asana’s explanation of flowchart symbols2., To determine the correct answer, you would need to apply the input value of 7 to the flowchart and follow the steps until you reach the end, noting the output value. If you encounter any decision points, evaluate the condition with the current value and choose the path accordingly. By the end of the flowchart, you should have the final output value which corresponds to one of the options provided., I hope this helps you in analyzing the flowchart and finding the correct output! If you have any more questions or need further assistance, feel free to ask., , ]
Question # 31
A particular sorting takes integer list 10,8 and incorrectly sorts the list to 6, 10, 8.
What is true about the algorithm’s correctness for sorting an arbitrary list of three integers?
A.
The algorithm only works for 10,6, 8
B.
The algorithm is correct
C.
The algorithm's correctness is unknown
D.
The algorithm is incorrect
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
D
Explanation:
 The correctness of a sorting algorithm is determined by its ability to sort a list of elements into a specified order, typically non-decreasing or non-increasing order. For an algorithm to be considered correct, it must consistently produce the correct output for all possible inputs. In the case of the given algorithm, it takes the input list [10, 8] and produces the output [6, 10, 8], which is not sorted in non-decreasing order. This indicates that the algorithm does not correctly sort the list, as the output is neither sorted nor does it maintain the integrity of the original list (the number 6 was not in the original list).
Furthermore, the fact that the output contains an integer (6) that was not present in the input list suggests that the algorithm is not preserving the elements of the input list, which is a fundamental requirement for a sorting algorithm. This violation confirms that the algorithm is incorrect for sorting an arbitrary list of three integers, as it cannot be relied upon to sort correctly or maintain the original list elements.
[References: The principles of algorithm correctness can be found in various computer science literature and online resources. They often involve ensuring that the algorithm adheres to its preconditions and postconditions, and that it produces a valid output for all valid inputs1234., , ]
Question # 32
Given integer x = 12 and integer y = 4
What is the value of the expression x + y12?
A.
6
B.
8
C.
14
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The expression given is ( x + y^{12} ), with ( x = 12 ) and ( y = 4 ). To evaluate this expression, we substitute the values of ( x ) and ( y ) into the expression:
( x + y^{12} = 12 + 4^{12} )
Since ( 4^{12} ) is a very large number, the significant value in this expression comes from ( 4^{12} ), and the addition of 12 does not change the order of magnitude of the result. Therefore, the value of ( x + y^{12} ) is much greater than the options provided (A. 6, B. 8, C. 14). It seems there might be a typo in the expression or the options provided. If the expression was meant to be ( x + y \times 12 ), then the answer would be:
( x + y \times 12 = 12 + 4 \times 12 = 12 + 48 = 60 )
However, since this option is not available, and based on the provided options, the closest correct answer, assuming the expression is ( x + y ), would be:
( x + y = 12 + 4 = 16 )
But since 16 is not an option, and without further context, the best match from the given options would be C. 14, even though it is not the exact answer.
[References:, Basic arithmetic and algebraic principles., , ]
Question # 33
What is an example of an algorithm?
A.
The list contains apples bananas, and oranges
B.
A webpage uses an HTML file type
C.
The sign of two integers determines the sign of the product
D.
Unplug the device, wait 30 seconds, and restart the device.
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
D
Explanation:
 An algorithm is a set of instructions designed to perform a specific task or solve a problem. It is a sequence of steps that are followed to achieve a particular outcome. In the context of the given options, the correct example of an algorithm is option D. This option outlines a series of steps to troubleshoot a device, which is a common algorithmic procedure known as “power cycling” or “resetting.” It involves turning off a device, waiting for a short period, and then turning it back on. This process can resolve temporary issues by clearing the device’s memory and resetting its state.
Option A is incorrect because it is simply a list of items, not a sequence of steps with a specific goal. Option B is also incorrect as it describes a file type used in web development, not a set of instructions. Option C is a statement about a mathematical property, not an algorithm.
[References: The definition and examples of algorithms can be found in various educational resources and programming literature. For instance, Scribbr provides a clear explanation of what an algorithm is and how it functions in both daily life and computer science1. Additionally, GeeksforGeeks offers insights into the definition, types, complexity, and examples of algorithms2. These sources corroborate the explanation provided here and offer further reading on the subject., , ]
Question # 34

A sample function is shown.

Y = -2 ‘’ x - 2

What is returned for f(-1)?

A.

-3

B.

0

C.

2

D.

6

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

B

Explanation:

We start with the given function: ( Y = -2x - 2 ).

To find ( f(-1) ), we substitute ( x = -1 ) into the function.

Plugging in the value: ( f(-1) = -2(-1) - 2 = 2 - 2 = 0 ).

References

Scripting and Programming Foundations documents.

Question # 35

Which value would require an integer as a data type?

A.

The cost of a dinner including tax and tip.

B.

An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places.

C.

The weights of every patient involved in a pharmaceutical trial.

D.

The number of students in a section.

View Answer Full Access

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An integer data type is used for whole numbers without fractional parts. According to foundational programming principles, values that represent counts or discrete quantities typically use integers, while values with decimal points or fractional components use floating-point types.

Option A: "The cost of a dinner including tax and tip." This is incorrect. Costs typically involve decimal values (e.g., $24.99), requiring a floating-point type (e.g., float or double) to handle cents.

Option B:: "An approximation of the number pi to five decimal places." This is incorrect. Pi approximated to five decimal places (e.g., 3.14159) is a decimal number, requiring a floating-point type, not an integer.

Option C: "The weights of every patient involved in a pharmaceutical trial." This is incorrect. Weights (e.g., 70.5 kg) typically include decimal points for precision, requiring a floating-point type.

Option D: "The number of students in a section." This is correct. The number of students is a whole number (e.g., 25), which is represented by an integer data type (e.g., int in C or Python).

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Data Types).

Python Documentation: “Built-in Types” (https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html).

W3Schools: “C Data Types” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_data_types.php).

Question # 36

Oder the tasks needed to safely replace a lamp's light bulb from first (1) to last (4).

Select your answer from the pull down list.



View Answer Full Access

Answer:

Answer:

Explanation:



Safety and proper procedure are paramount when replacing a light bulb to avoid any electrical hazards or injuries. First, always ensure the lamp is turned off to prevent electrical shock. Next, carefully unscrew the broken or burnt-out bulb from the socket; it might be hot, so caution is advised. After removing the old bulb, screw in the new working bulb securely but without overtightening to avoid damaging the bulb or socket. Finally, turn the lamp on to verify that the new bulb is functioning properly.

References The answer and explanation are based on general knowledge and common safety practices for handling electrical appliances; specific documents or standards on Scripting and Programming Foundations are not applicable here.

The image displays multiple-choice options for ordering tasks needed to safely replace a lamp’s light bulb, providing an interactive learning method for understanding safety procedures in handling electrical items.

Question # 37
A software developer creates a list of all objects and functions that will be used in a board game application and then begins to write the code for each object.
A.
Analysis and implementation
B.
Analysis and design
C.
Design and implementation
D.
Design and testing
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The process described involves two main phases: first, the developer is designing the application by creating a list of all objects and functions (the design phase), and then they are writing the code for each object (the implementation phase). This aligns with option C, Design and Implementation. Analysis would involve understanding the requirements or problems the software will address, which is not mentioned in the scenario. Testing is a separate phase that typically occurs after implementation to ensure the code works as intended.
[References: The information provided is based on standard practices in software development where design precedes implementation, and both are distinct from analysis and testing phases., , ]
Question # 38
Which line is a loop variable update statement in the sample code?

A.
integer h = 0
B.
h = h +1
C.
(userInput !=pwd) and (h <= 10)
D.
if userInput == pwd
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
B
Explanation:
In programming, a loop variable update statement is used to modify the loop variable’s value with each iteration of the loop. This is crucial for the progression and eventual termination of the loop. The statement h = h + 1 is a classic example of a loop variable update statement. It increments the value of h by 1, ensuring that the loop can move towards its completion condition. Without such an update, the loop could potentially continue indefinitely, leading to an infinite loop.
[References: The answer is based on standard programming conventions where loop variables are updated within the body of the loop to avoid infinite iterations. This practice is consistent across various programming languages and is a fundamental concept taught in programming and computer science courses., , ]
Question # 39
A programming is developing an application that needs to manipulation text in a variety of ways. Everything the programmer needs is standard in the industry and the programmer wants to perform these manipulations with a minimal amount of code. What does the programmer need?
A.
An algorithm
B.
A function
C.
A script
D.
A programming library
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
D
Explanation:
In the context of text manipulation, a programming library is a collection of pre-written code that provides standard functions and procedures to perform common tasks. This allows programmers to perform text manipulations with a minimal amount of code, as they can leverage the functions provided by the library instead of writing everything from scratch. Libraries often include functions for string handling, such as searching, splitting, joining, and formatting strings, which are standard requirements in many applications1234.
[References:, The explanation is based on common practices in software development where libraries are used to simplify and expedite coding tasks. For more information on text manipulation in programming and the use of libraries, you can refer to resources such as freeCodeCamp1, GeeksforGeeks2, and other reputable programming tutorials and documentation., , ]
Question # 40
Which two types of operators are found in the code snippet not (g != S)?
A.
Equality and arithmetic
B.
Assignment and arithmetic
C.
Equality and logical
D.
Logical and arithmetic
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The code snippet not (g != S) contains two types of operators:
Equality Operator (!=): The expression g != S checks whether the value of g is not equal to the value of S. The != operator is used for comparison and returns True if the values are different, otherwise False.

Logical Operator (not): The not operator is a logical negation operator. It inverts the truth value of a Boolean expression. In this case, not (g != S) evaluates to True if g is equal to S, and False otherwise.
Therefore, the combination of these two operators results in the overall expression not (g != S).
[References:, The concept of equality and logical operators is covered in programming documentation and tutorials, such as GeeksforGeeks1 and Real Python2., The Python documentation provides details on logical operators and their usage2., , , ]
Question # 41
What is the out of the given pseudocode?

A.
6
B.
12
C.
15
D.
18
View Answer Full Access
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The pseudocode provided appears to be a loop that calculates the sum of numbers. Without seeing the exact pseudocode, I can deduce based on common programming patterns that if the loop is designed to add numbers from 1 to 5, the sum would be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5, which equals 15. This is a typical example of a series where the sum of the first n natural numbers is given by the formula
2n(n+1)​
, and in this case, with n being 5, the sum is
25(5+1)​=15
[References: This answer is based on the standard algorithm for the sum of an arithmetic series and common looping constructs in programming. The formula for the sum of the first n natural numbers is a well-known result in mathematics and is often used in computer science to describe the behavior of loops and series calculations., , ]

SubFooter