An area next to the heat-affected zone that has suffered some softening and loss of strength.

The microstructure of the weld that has been melted and will therefore have properties more like a casting than the base metal.

An area near the heat-affected zone affected by welding that may experience intergranular corrosion.

The high residual stress zone adjacent to the weld fusion line that will have higher hardness than the weld or base material.

To provide direction to the welder making production welds.

To establish the properties of the weldment.

To document that a welder has correctly followed a WPS.

To establish a welder's capability to make a quality weld.

0.35

0.45

0.50

0.55

Spray transfer

Pulsed transfer

Globular transfer

Short circuiting transfer

The expected load for which the weld will be subject.

The minimum established acceptance criteria.

The requirements as established in ASME Section XI.

The same criteria required for welder qualification.

Electrodes should never be stored in an oven that is used for food storage.

Low-hydrogen electrodes may be stored in ovens with cellulose-based electrodes, but must be in their original, unopened containers.

Electrode ovens should be heated by any means, but must have automatic heat controls and visible temperature indicators.

Low-hydrogen electrodes should never be stored with stainless-steel electrodes.

Radiographic examination is not allowed.

The entire weld circumference for pipe coupon.

36 in. for welder operator qualification.

6 in. for welder qualification.

Groove angle

Joint penetration

The weld body

Complete penetration

2 in. (5.1 cm)

3 in. (7.6 cm)

4 in. (10.2 cm)

6 in. (15.2 cm)

Non-load-bearing welds.

Insulation and refractory pins.

Flat position welds.

Non-pressure-containing welds.