The Federal Fair Housing Act (FHA), enacted in 1968 and amended in 1988, prohibits discrimination in housing based on specific protected classes. The original 1968 Act covered race, color, religion, and national origin, while the 1988 amendment added sex, familial status (e.g., families with children), and disability. Option C accurately lists all seven protected classes: race, color, sex, religion, national origin, familial status, and disability. The APA’sAICP Certification Exam Content Outline(2022), under “Fundamental Planning Knowledge,” states, “The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and disability.” Option A includes sexual orientation, which is not covered under the FHA (though it may be covered by other laws). Option B omits familial status and disability, and option D includes marital status (not protected) while omitting sex and familial status. TheCPC Study Manual(2024) confirms, “The FHA, as amended in 1988, protects against discrimination on race, color, sex, religion, national origin, familial status, and disability,” supporting option C.

Since the question lacks specific data or context about alternatives, we assume a general scenario where cost-benefit ratios are applied to reexamine data. Cost-benefit ratios (benefits divided by costs) typically reinforce the preferred alternative if it already has the best net benefit, as the ratio method often aligns with net benefit analysis. Option C (the preferred alternative would remain the same) is the most likely outcome in a typical scenario. The APA’sAICP Certification Exam Content Outline(2022), under “Research and Assessment Methods,” states, “Reexamining data with cost-benefit ratios often confirms the preferred alternative if it already maximizes net benefits.” Options A (all justified), B (different alternative), and D (no preferred alternative) require specific data changes not provided. TheCPC Study Manual(2024) notes, “Cost-benefit ratios generally support the same preferred alternative as net benefit analysis,” supporting option C.

Implementing a Geographic Information System (GIS) requires a clear understanding of the department’s needs to ensure the system meets specific planning goals. Option A (survey and detail the needs of the department) is the appropriate initial step, as it identifies requirements for data, functionality, and user access. The APA’s AICP Certification Exam Content Outline (2022), under “Administration and Management,” states, “The first step in GIS implementation is to assess the department’s needs to ensure the system aligns with planning objectives.” Option B (survey other jurisdictions) is a later step for benchmarking. Option C (contact city manager) and D (budget requests) come after needs are defined. The CPC Study Manual (2024) confirms, “GIS implementation begins with a needs assessment to define the department’s requirements,” supporting option A.

TheAICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct(2022) emphasizes integrity and accuracy in planning work. Section B, Rule of Conduct 1 states, “We shall not deliberately…commit a wrongful act…which reflects adversely on our professional fitness,” and Rule 3 states, “We shall not…knowingly provide inaccurate information.” The planner’s knowledge that the site plans will increase runoff contradicts the applicants’ claims, and accepting this without action would be knowingly providing inaccurate information, violating these rules. Option A (telling the supervisor this is an ethical violation and refusing to sign off) aligns with the planner’s duty to uphold integrity and avoid wrongful acts. Option B (leaking to a reporter) violates Rule 10, which prohibits “public disclosure of confidential information” without authorization. Option C (requesting an advisory opinion) is a valid step but not the first action, as the planner must address the issue directly with the supervisor first. Option D (threatening an ethics complaint) is premature and confrontational, not aligned with the Code’s emphasis on professional resolution. TheCPC Study Manual(2024) reinforces that planners must “act with integrity and correctinaccuracies,” supporting option A.

The AICP Code of Ethics (2022), Section A, Principle 1(a), states, “We shall serve the public interest,” and Section B, Rule 3, prohibits “knowingly providing inaccurate information.” The proposed rezoning (high-density residential in a flood-hazard and wetland area) likely poses environmental risks and may not serve the public interest due to flooding and ecological concerns. Option C (advise the client that the rezoning is not in the public interest and the report will reflect that) aligns with the planner’s ethical duty to prioritize public welfare and provide accurate information. Option A (advise the local agency first) violates client confidentiality under Rule 10. Option B (suggest office use) avoids the issue without addressing the public interest. Option D (follow client instructions) risks violating ethical standards by ignoring public harm. The CPC Study Manual (2024) states, “Planners must advise clients when proposals conflict with the public interest, especially in environmentally sensitive areas,” supporting option C.

After forming a CIP committee, the next step is to establish a framework for the process. Option D (formulate CIP policies and procedures) ensures clear guidelines for project selection, prioritization, and funding, which is critical before identifying projects or setting priorities. The APA’sAICP Certification Exam Content Outline(2022), under “Plan Implementation,” states, “The initial step in preparing a CIP, after forming a committee, is to formulate policies and procedures to guide the process.” Option A (translate goals into projects) and C (establish a priority list) come later, after procedures are set. Option B (develop commitment) is vague and not a formal step. TheCPC Study Manual(2024) confirms, “The planning director should first formulate CIP policies and procedures to ensure a structured process,” supporting option D.

Early involvement in a diverse community requires building trust and understanding the community’s needs before formal planning activities begin. Attending meetings of local organizations (option D) allows planners to engage directly with residents, understand their concerns, and establish relationships, which is critical for meaningful participation. TheAICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct(2022) emphasizes under Section A, Principle 1(f), that planners should “seek social justice by working to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, recognizing a special responsibility to plan for the needs of the disadvantaged and to promote racial and economic integration.” This principle supports proactive engagement with diverse groups. Additionally, the APA’sPlanning for Equity Policy Guide(2019) recommends “engaging with community organizations early to build trust,” especially in diverse areas, as a best practice for inclusive planning. Options A, B, and C, while useful later, are less effective for early involvement: charrettes (A) and public hearings (B) are typically later-stage activities, and brochures (C) lack the direct interaction needed to build trust.