Disclosing all of the details about a treatment to a client gives them the opportunity to decide how to proceed and is part of the process to obtain informed consent.

The median nerve passes through the flexor retinaculum of the hand.

The passive range of motion test assesses the antagonist muscles of the body. We are looking for the muscle that would inhibit rotation to the right. In this case, the left levator scapularis is the shortened muscle.

In almost all situations, the massage therapist needs to retain a strict confidentiality of the client’s information. However, there are certain exceptions, such as when the massage therapist feels in personal danger, when there are suspicions of a client abusing a child and whenever required by law.

There are two primary types of circulation systems in nature, one being open and the other being closed. In humans, the blood never leaves the intricate webbing of blood vessels and is thus considered a closed circulatory system. An open circulatory system is one where blood and interstitial fluid move freely within an organism, as in the case of gastropods, otherwise known as snails.

The brachial plexus is a nerve bundle that supplies the arm and hand. The root of the nerve innervates the scalene muscles where a hypertonicity can compress the nerve plexus as well as the subclavian artery and vein.

All of the other options would indicate a chronic or later stage of an injury/disfunction. During an acute injury, inflammation would be most evident.

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that allows for the activation of spinal motor neurons to trigger without involving the brain for a response.

The mitochondria within a cell handles the task of breaking down glucose molecules to release energy.

The diaphragm muscle which extends across the bottom of the rib cage is the muscle responsible for initiating inhalation.