Most women who relinquish their infants at birth have come to that decision with a great deal of love and

pain. They have made plans in advance. The nurse needs to first provide them with opportunities to express their

feelings that might include grief, loneliness, and guilt. A referral for grief counseling might be appropriate if no

other support system exists or the mother indicates that she wants assistance working through her grief. If the

nurse assesses that the grief process is abnormal, a referral is also appropriate. The mother has probably already

made a decision about whether or not she wants to see her baby. The nurse should ask her and make arrangements

for that to happen if the mother requests it. Seeing the baby might aid in the grief process. Until relinquishment

occurs, this is the mother’s baby and she should be allowed to see it as often as she wants. The mother does have

the right to change her mind until final legal arrangements are made. But suggesting this option might lead her to

think that the nurse believes she shouldn’t relinquish her baby. Health Promotion and Maintenance

The client with GERD needs to sit up after eating or have the head of the bed elevated to avoid reflux.

Thus, choices 1 and 4 are incorrect. Choice 2 is incorrect because the client needs to eat small, frequent meals.

Reduction of Risk Potential

Nitrous oxide produces analgesia and is often used for minor surgery and dental procedures that do not require loss of consciousness. It can also produce a mild euphoria in some clients. Nitrogen is a nonmetallic element that constitutes nearly four-fifths of the air by volume, occurring as a colorless, odorless, almost inert diatomic gas, N2, in various minerals and in all proteins. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator of vascular smooth muscle. It is produced from L arginine. Nitrogen dioxide is a poisonous brown gas, NO2, often found in smog and automobile exhaust fumes. Pharmacological Therapies

Newly diagnosed diabetics need to learn about their disease, medications, glucose testing, possibly insulin injections, foot care, sick-day plans, and so forth. Choices 1 and 4 are diagnoses to prevent, but no evidence suggests that they exist at this point. Diabetics might have more or less nutrition than body requirements—type II is likely to be more, but type I is likely to be less. Physiological Adaptation

The Good Samaritan laws protect providers of care in an emergency situation. HIPAA’s focus is confidentiality of information and right to privacy. The PSDA concerns a client’s autonomous decision-making. OBRA was passed in the late 1980s to promote nursing home reform due to quality issues. Coordinated Care

Ability to speak is a major way to identify an airway obstruction. Safety and Infection Control

There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid.

Physiological Adaptation

5-FU is an antieoplastic, antimetabolic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and interferes with cell replication. It is given intravenously and acts systemically. It affects all rapidly growing cells, both malignant and normal. It is used as adjuvant therapy for treating cancer of the colon, rectum, stomach, breast, and pancreas. This drug has many side effects, including bone marrow depression, anorexia, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting. Physiological Adaptation

The likelihood of fathering children does decrease with aging and decreased testosterone production, but men do not lose their ability to reproduce during the climacteric. Many men do not experience any physical symptoms of climacteric but some men do report hot flashes, headaches, and heart palpitations, among other symptoms. Health Promotion and Maintenance

Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common anemias, prevalent in women of childbearing age with 50% of pregnant women having this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a result (usually) of the increase in the plasma level during pregnancy but not in the constituent level. Also, if a woman has this type of anemia prepregnancy, it gets worse during pregnancy. Physiological Adaptation

Special hair, skin, and nail care might be required for African-American clients. Psychosocial Integrity

Controversy over what types of food to eat and not eat is still under investigation. Certain foods can help

improve body defenses to possibly prevent certain diseases. Nonpharmacological Therapies

The child has Fifth disease, a parvovirus flulike illness that is self-limiting but is contagious for two–three weeks. Safety and Infection Control

Try to make the client as comfortable as possible but refuse to assist in death. One of the competencies necessary for nurses to have in giving high quality care to clients/families during the end of life care is: apply legal and ethical principles in the analysis of complex issues and end-of-life care, recognizing the influence of personal values, profession codes, and client preferences. Psychosocial Integrity

The cardinal signs of respiratory problems and hypoxia are restlessness, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and cool skin.

Bradycardia might occur much later in the process when the condition is severe. Eupnea is normal respirations in rate and depth. Physiological Adaptation