A gap assessment is the most critical process tool to performing Implementation Phase 3, as it helps to identify the current and desired states of the selected processes, and the gaps and potential solutions to bridge them. A gap assessment also helps to create a detailed business case and a high-level program plan for the implementation12.

References7 Phases in COBIT Implementation | COBIT Certification - SimplilearnCOBIT 2019 Design and Implementation COBIT Implementation, page 31.

An important consideration when defining the roadmap in COBIT Implementation Phase 3 is the change-enablement implications, which refer to the potential impact of the proposed solutions on the people, culture, and behavior of the organization. This involves assessing the readiness and willingness of the stakeholders to adopt the changes, identifying the risks and barriers to change, and developing strategies to address them12.

References7 Phases in COBIT Implementation | COBIT Certification - SimplilearnCOBIT 2019 Design and Implementation COBIT Implementation, page 31.

According to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, gaps identified between the current and target profiles should be addressed through a risk-based approach, which enables an organization to gauge the resources needed and prioritize the mitigation of gaps in a cost-effective manner. This approach also aligns the cybersecurity program with the business objectives and risk appetite of the organization12.

ReferencesExamples of Framework Profiles | NISTWhat is the NIST Cybersecurity Framework? | IBM

This principle corresponds to the CSF application stating that CSF profiles support flexibility in content and structure, because both emphasize the need for tailoring the governance system to the specific context and requirements of the enterprise12. The CSF profiles are based on the enterprise’s business drivers, risk appetite, and current and target cybersecurity posture3. The COBIT 2019 design factors are a set of parameters that influence the design and operation of the governance system, such as enterprise strategy, size, culture, and regulatory environment4.

References: 1: COBIT | Control Objectives for Information Technologies | ISACA 2: COBIT 2019 Framework – ITSM Docs - ITSM Documents & Templates 3: Framework Documents | NIST 4: Introduction to COBIT Principles - Testprep Training Tutorials

The objective of COBIT Implementation Phase 2 is to define the scope of the implementation using COBIT’s mapping of enterprise goals to IT-related goals and the associated IT processes, and to consider how risk scenarios could also highlight key processes on which to focus. This phase also involves documenting the current capability and performance of the selected processes and identifying opportunities for improvement12.

References7 Phases in COBIT Implementation | COBIT Certification - SimplilearnCOBIT 2019 Design and Implementation COBIT Implementation, page 31.

Identifying quick wins for implementation first is the best approach to gain support for the process, as it can demonstrate the value and feasibility of the project, and motivate the stakeholders to overcome the resistance and embrace the change12. Quick wins are those actions that can be implemented rapidly and easily, and that can produce visible and measurable results3.

References7 Phases in COBIT Implementation | COBIT Certification - SimplilearnImplementing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Using COBIT 2019, page 17.What is a Quick Win? - Definition from Techopedia

Executives are the role that will benefit most from a better understanding of the current cybersecurity posture by applying the CSF. This is because executives are responsible for setting the strategic direction, objectives, and priorities for the organization, as well as overseeing the allocation of resources and the management of risks1. By applying the CSF, executives can gain a comprehensive and consistent view of the cybersecurity risks and capabilities of the organization, and align them with the business goals and requirements2. The CSF can also help executives communicate and collaborate with other stakeholders, such as regulators, customers, suppliers, and partners, on cybersecurity issues3.

References: 1: Implementing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework Using COBIT 2019 | ISACA 2: Cybersecurity Framework | NIST 3: Framework Documents | NIST