AutoUpgrade is the Oracle recommended way to upgrade databases. According to the Oracle documentation, “AutoUpgrade is an Oracle-supplied tool that automates the upgrade process for Oracle Database releases 12.2, 18c, and 19c. AutoUpgrade can upgrade multiple databases in parallel and can also perform cross-platform migrations. AutoUpgrade is the recommended tool for upgrading your database.”

Oracle Database 19c is the final release supporting the non-CDB architecture. According to the Oracle documentation1, “Starting with Oracle Database 21c, non-CDB architecture is desupported. You must upgrade a non-CDB Oracle Database to a PDB on a CDB.” A CDB is a container database that can host multiple pluggable databases (PDBs) that share the same resources and memory.

Assess is the security control area that determines if there is sensitive data in a system. According to the Oracle documentation2, “The Assess security control area includes activities that help you identify and classify sensitive data, assess your security posture, and monitor compliance with security standards and regulations.”

 Exadata Cloud Service and Autonomous Database are two target database environments that provide both high availability (HA) and disaster recovery (DR) options in the cloud. Exadata Cloud Service is a fully managed Oracle Database service that runs on Exadata infrastructure in the cloud. It offers high performance, scalability, availability, security, and reliability for all types of database workloads. It also supports various HA and DR options, such as Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC), Oracle Data Guard, Oracle Active Data Guard, Oracle GoldenGate, and Oracle Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance Cloud Service. Autonomous Database is a self-driving, self-securing, and self-repairing cloud database service that automates provisioning, configuring, securing, tuning, scaling, patching, backing up, and repairing of databases without human intervention. It also provides built-in HA and DR features based on Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA), such as transparent application continuity, automatic failover to standby databases or regions, automatic backups to object storage, point-in-time recovery using restore points or backups.

Customers are responsible for managing databases and customer VMs when they are using the Exadata Cloud Service. According to the Oracle documentation7, “Customers have full control over their databases running on Exadata Cloud Service, including root access for database servers.” Additionally, according to the Oracle documentation8, “Customers can create customer VMs on Exadata Cloud Service database servers for their own use.”

 Persistent memory is the resource that RDMA accesses in Exadata X8M. According to the Oracle website1, “Exadata X8M uses RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) to directly access the persistent memory in storage servers, bypassing the OS, IO, and network software stacks. This reduces IO latency by up to 10X compared to the previous generation of Exadata.”

This option is the correct way to increase the number of OCPU assigned to an Autonomous Database. According to the Oracle documentation2, “You can scale your Autonomous Database on demand by adding CPU cores or storage. You can also enable auto scaling to allow your Autonomous Database to automatically use up to three times more CPU and IO resources than its allocated CPU core count.” The scaling operation does not require any downtime or affect the availability of the database.

ORDS stands for Oracle REST Data Services, which is a Java application that enables developers to access and manipulate data in Oracle Database using RESTful web services. According to the Oracle documentation2, “Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) bridgesHTTPS and your Oracle Database. A mid-tier Java application, ORDS provides a Database Management REST API, SQL Developer Web, a PL/SQL Gateway, SODA for REST, and the ability to publish RESTful Web Services for interacting with the data and stored procedures in your Oracle Database.”

The goal of scale out high availability can be achieved by provisioning nodes with Real Application Clusters (RAC). According to the Oracle documentation6, “Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) enables you to scale out your database by adding nodes as needed without changing your application code. RAC also provides high availability by automatically recovering from node failures.” RAC allows multiple instances of Oracle Database to run on different servers while accessing a shared set of data files.

This statement is true about how the Converged Database helps to access data using an API. According to the Oracle documentation5, “Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) makes it easy to develop modern REST interfaces for relational data in the Oracle Database and the Oracle Database 18c JSON Document Store. A mid-tier Java application, ORDS maps HTTP(S) verbs (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) to database transactions and returns any results formatted using JSON.” ORDS can automatically generate RESTful services for tables and views in the database or expose custom REST APIs using SQL or PL/SQL.

Data Labeling is not a built-in tool provided by Autonomous Database. According to the Oracle documentation4, “Autonomous Database includes built-in tools that you can enable and disable when you provision or clone a database, or at any time for an existing database.” The list of built-in tools includes Oracle APEX, Database Actions, Graph Studio, Oracle ML User Interface, Data Transforms, Web Access (ORDS), MongoDB API, and SODA Drivers. Data Labeling is not among these tools.

This statement is not a prerequisite for patching Grid Infrastructure or database homes when using the console. According to the Oracle documentation8, “Before you patch Grid Infrastructure or database homes, ensure that the following prerequisites are met: All database compute nodes of the VM cluster are up and running. The /u01 directory on the database host file system has at least 15 GB of free space for the execution of patching processes. The required patch is available on the Control Plane server.” This means that Oracle Clusterware must be up and running on the VM cluster before patching, not down.

Groups is an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Identity and Access Management (IAM) capability that helps you to organize multiple users into teams. According to the Oracle documentation4, “Groups are collections of users who need the same type of access to a particular set of resources. You can use groups to organize users and apply policies to them as a group.”