database files and parameter file (initialization parameter file or server parameter file)

System Global Area (SGA) and background processes

a listener process, server processes, and background processes

System Global Area (SGA), server processes, and background processes

database files, System Global Area (SGA), and background processes

Extend the logical volume by 10 MB where the data files are stored;

# lvextend -L+10M /diskl

Add a data file:

SQL > ALTER TABLESPACE MYTBS ADD DATAFILE ' /disk1/mytbs_2 .dbf SIZE 10M;

Move a partition to another tablespace:

SQL > CREATE TABLESPACE ADDITIONAL_TBS DATAFILE ' /disk1/additional_tbs_1 .dbf ' SIZE 10M;

SQL > ALTER TABLE MYTAB MOVE PARTITION P2 TABLESPACE ADDlTIONAL_TBS;

Resize the existing data file:

SQL > ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE ' /diskl/mytbs_l .dbf ' RESIZE 20M;

E) Remove a data file:

SQL > ALTER TABLESPACE MYTBS DROP DATAFILE ' /diskl/mytbs_l - dbf ' ;

Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

Online Data and Application change

Global Data Services (GDS)

Real Application Clusters (RAC)

Oracle Streams

Online Table Redefinition

Oracle Database Vault

non-cumulative

multi-version

proactive

stabilizing

cumulative

It is available only for full backups.

It supports incremental backups and image copies.

Backup for each data file is divided into sections and is backed up in parallel. However, for image copies, sections are backed up sequentially.

For image copies, sections are backed up in parallel and recomposed at the end.

when a transaction ID is allocated for it.

when a user explicitly issues a " begin " statement

when a transaction is assigned to an available undo data segment to record undo entries for the new transaction

when the first executable SQL statement is encountered

A common user cannot have the same name as any local user across all PDBs.

A common user can be created only in the root container.

A local user with the proper privileges can also create a common user.

If a PDB is closed, the common and local users of the PDB are not visible.

A common user with the proper privileges can create a common user by using the CONTAINER=CURRENT clause.

A common user is one that has the same username and authentication credentials across multiple PDBs.

The leaf blocks in the index are doubly linked.

The leaf node stores a bitmap for each key value.

Rows with a NULL value in key columns also have entries in the Index.

The deletion of a row from the table causes a logical deletion in the index leaf block and the space becomes available for a new leaf entry.

An SPFILE is a binary file that cannot be edited by using a text editor.

You can create an SPFILE from an existing text initialization parameter file or from memory.

You can use the SHOW PARAMETERS command to display the values of initialization parameters in an SPFILE.

The instance first searches for an SPFILE named spfileoRACLE_SID.ora and, if this is not found. It searches for spfile.ora.

when multiple databases are to be registered with the listener

when DBAs need to connect remotely to start up the database instance

when users need to connect the database instance by using the host naming method

when the database instance to be registered with the listener is configured in shared server mode