The test charter for the exploratory testing session is focused on buying a bus ticket, not a parking ticket. Therefore, any defect related to the payment for parking ticket is out of scope for the given test charter. The other defects are related to the functionality, usability, or reliability of buying a bus ticket, which are in scope for the test charter. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 2.3.2 Exploratory Testing1, Section 2.3.2.1 Test Charter2; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 3.2, 2017, Definition of Test Charter3

1: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 2.3.2 Exploratory Testing 2: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus, Version 2014, Section 2.3.2.1 Test Charter 3: [ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 3.2, 2017, Definition of Test Charter]

 Planning poker is a consensus-based technique for agile estimation, using a deck of cards with predefined numerical values, usually based on the Fibonacci sequence or a modified version12. Therefore, statement 1 is correct. A high test estimate usually means that the user story or task is too complex, ambiguous, or risky, and should be broken down into multiple smaller stories that are easier to understand and estimate13. Therefore, statement 3 is correct. The risk level of each backlog item should be decided before the poker session, as it can affect the estimation process and the prioritization of the work14. Therefore, statement 5 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect, as a low test estimate usually means that the user story or task is simple, clear, and well-defined, and does not need to be broken down further13. Statement 4 is incorrect, as planning poker can involve multiple rounds of estimation, reveal, and discussion, until the team reaches a consensus or agrees to defer the item12. References: 1: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Section 3.3.1, Test Automation1; 2: ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Section 3.3.1, Test Automation2; 3: Planning Poker: An Agile Estimating and Planning Technique3; 4: Planning poker: The all-in strategy for Agile estimation - Asana4

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.2Release and Iteration Planning:

"During early phases like Sprint Zero, testers collaborate with the team to identify the product backlog, define high-level test strategies, and contribute to the overall planning and architecture discussions."

Therefore,Option Ais correct — testerscollaborate from the beginning, not as isolated contributors.

Option BandDsuggestindividual work, which isagainst Agile principles.

Option Cis incorrect — the backlog items committed for Sprint 1 are determined duringSprint Planning, not in Sprint Zero.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 4.1The Test Pyramid, it states:

"The test pyramid concept encourages more tests at lower levels (e.g., unit tests), with fewer tests at higher levels (e.g., system or UI tests), in order to find and fix defects as early as possible."

Therefore,Option Ais correct — thetest pyramid supports early defect detectionthrougha high volume of lower-level automated tests.

Option Bis incorrect — thetest pyramid emphasizes more tests at lower levels, not higher.

Option Cis incorrect — Agile doesn't mandate four specific levels in every system.

Option Dmisrepresents the pyramid —technology-facing tests (e.g., unit tests)areat the bottom, not the top.

According to the ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, acceptance criteria are a set of conditions that a user story must satisfy to be accepted by the customer or stakeholder. Acceptance criteria should be testable, meaning that they can be verified by objective measurements or observations. Testable acceptance criteria should be clear, unambiguous, complete, and consistent. Therefore, option A is the best example for testable acceptance criteria, as it specifies a clear and measurable condition for the input value of the ID field. Option B is not a good example for testable acceptance criteria, as it is vague and does not define any specific condition or expectation for the interface to External System. Option C is not a good example for testable acceptance criteria, as it is incomplete and does not specify what the specific authorization level is or how it is determined. Option D is not a good example for testable acceptance criteria, as it is subjective and not measurable. What is clear and attractive for one user may not be for another. References: ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 1.1.1, page 7; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 1.1.2, page 8; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 3.1.1, page 23; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 3.1.2, page 24.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

From theCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 4.2Continuous Integration, it describes:

"A major benefit of continuous integration is the ability to detect integration problems, code defects, and broken builds early, allowing for faster resolution."

And:

"Continuous integration allows frequent builds and tests to be performed, helping to identify and isolate problems soon after they are introduced."

This directly confirms thatOption Ais the correct answer, highlighting thecore value of continuous integration:early detection and isolationof issues.

Option Bis incorrect — retrospectives remain essential in Agile regardless of CI.

Option Cis an Agile principle, but not adirect benefittied specifically to CI.

Option Doverstates the impact of CI — while CI may help communication, it does not eliminate communication problems by itself.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 4.3Test Automation and Continuous Integration, it states:

"Automated tests help detect regression defects quickly and can be run frequently during development, thus reducing regression risk."

So,Option Dis correct —test automation supports regression testingwithin iterations, making it an essential Agile practice.

Option Ais false —automated unit tests are designed to be fastand are ideally run with every check-in.

Option Bis incorrect — more code changesincrease, not reduce, regression risk.

Option Cis incorrect —technical debt can still existwith automation if the automation is poorly designed or not maintained.

A tester on an Agile project typically performs the following tasks12:

Implementing test strategy: A tester helps to define and implement the test strategy for the Agile project, which includes the test approach, test levels, test types, test techniques, test tools, test environment, test data, test metrics, and test documentation.

Measuring and reporting test coverage: A tester measures and reports the test coverage of the product features and quality attributes, such as functionality, usability, performance, security, etc. Test coverage can be expressed in terms of test cases, test scenarios, test sessions, test conditions, test data, code, etc.

Coaching development team in relevant aspects of testing: A tester coaches the development team in relevant aspects of testing, such as test design, test execution, test automation, test-driven development, behavior-driven development, exploratory testing, etc. A tester also helps the development team to improve their testing skills and practices.

The following tasks are not typically performed by a tester on an Agile project:

Documenting business requirements: Business requirements are usually documented by the product owner or the business analyst, not by the tester. The tester may review and provide feedback on the business requirements, but the tester is not responsible for documenting them.

Executing test-driven development tests: Test-driven development tests are usually executed by the developers, not by the tester. The tester may assist the developers in creating and reviewing the test-driven development tests, but the tester is not responsible for executing them.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it contains the tasks that are typically performed by a tester on an Agile project. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus1, pages 14-15, 18-19, 22-23; ISTQB Agile Tester Sample Exam2, question 17.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 5.2Daily Stand-Ups, it states:

"The daily stand-up is a short meeting used to discuss progress, plans for the day, and any impediments that are blocking progress."

Therefore,Option Bis correct — highlightingimpediments/blockersis a key goal of thedaily stand-up.

Option Ais aretrospectiveactivity.

Option Cis done duringplanning or risk assessment, not the daily meeting.

Option Dis part ofiteration planning, not the stand-up.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1Exploratory Testing, it defines atest charteras:

"A mission statement defining what to test, how it can be tested, and what issues to look for. Effective charters support focused yet flexible exploration."

Option Bis the best because it specifies:

Thearea of the system under test

Theparameters involved

Theapproach(combinations)

Thegoal(discover unexpected effects)

Option Afocuses only onone parameter.

Option Cistoo vague.

Option Dis tooprescriptiveand limits exploration.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.1Testing Techniques and Agile, it states:

"Decision table testing is useful when the outcome depends on combinations of inputs or rules."

In this case,different reimbursement percentagesare determined based ontypes of visits and subtypes, makingOption A (Decision Table Testing)the ideal technique.

Option Bfocuses onsingle input ranges, less suitable here.

Option Csuits end-to-end scenarios but not logic-driven calculations.

Option Dapplies tostate-based systems, which this is not.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.4Testing and Iterations, it states:

"In Agile projects, developers and testers work together to ensure the correct functionality is delivered during the iteration. Business representatives and testers may also validate the software during development to provide quick feedback."

This confirms thatOption Dis correct —collaborative testingby stakeholders and testers during development is a core Agile practice.

Option Ais incorrect — testing doesnot waitfor "done"; it occursconcurrentlywith development.

Option Bmisrepresents Agile — performance isn't based on metrics like defect counts.

Option Cis true in general, butdoes not directly answerthe integration of testing and development activities.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.1Acceptance Criteria and Testability, and Section 3.1:

"Acceptance criteria may also address non-functional quality characteristics such as reliability, performance, and usability."

The criterion referencesfailure rate over time, which is areliability attribute, makingOption D (Quality characteristics)the correct answer.

Option A(Scenarios) refers to usage paths.

Option Brefers to functional correctness.

Option Crefers to interface interaction points.

 According to the ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, one of the key principles of agile testing is that testers are integrated into the agile team and work closely with developers and other stakeholders. However, this does not mean that testers lose their independence or objectivity. Testers should still be able to provide an unbiased view of the quality of the software and challenge the assumptions and decisions made by the team. Therefore, option C is the best way for a test team to keep its independence when working in an agile development environment, as it allows testers to be part of the agile team, but also report to a different manager than the developers, who can support their professional development and ensure their independence. Option A is not a good way to keep independence, as it limits the transparency and collaboration between testers and developers, which are essential for agile testing. Option B is also not a good way to keep independence, as it creates a physical and organizational barrier between the test automation team and the agile development team, which can hinder communication and feedback. Option D is also not a good way to keep independence, as it creates an inconsistency and imbalance between the testers who are co-located with the agile development team and those who are not, which can affect the quality and efficiency of the testing process. References: ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 1.2.1, page 91; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 1.2.2, page 101; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.1.1, page 141; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.2.1, page 161; ISTQB Tester Foundation Level Agile Tester syllabus, section 2.2.2, page 171.

The acceptance criteria for a sprint are the conditions that must be met for the user stories to be considered done and deliver value to the customer1. The acceptance criteria should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and testable2. In this case, the plan for the sprint is to increase performance of the system, so the acceptance criteria should reflect that goal. Therefore, the acceptance criteria that would be expected for Sprint 5 are:

100% of the existing regression test suite has passed. This criterion ensures that the system has not introduced any new defects or broken any existing functionality while improving performance3.

System is responding in less than 3 seconds, 90% of the time. This criterion defines a clear and quantifiable performance target that can be verified by testing4.

The other options are not relevant or appropriate acceptance criteria for Sprint 5:

User access for all roles has been validated. This criterion is not related to the performance of the system, but rather to the security or functionality of the system. It might be an acceptance criterion for a different sprint or user story, but not for Sprint 55.

A static analysis tool has been executed for all code. This criterion is not a customer

A test charter is a document that describes the scope, objective, and approach of an exploratory testing session. It is used mainly in exploratory tests to guide the tester’s actions and record the findings. A test charter may make reference to user stories, requirements, risks, or other sources of information that are relevant to the testing mission. A test charter also contains notes taken during a test session, such as test ideas, test results, bugs, issues, and observations. A test charter is not used to monitor a test process, as it is not a formal metric or report. It is also not used to outline the company test policy, as it is specific to a particular test session and context. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Section 2.2.3, page 18; ASTQB Agile Tester Certification Resources, Section 2.2.3, page 18; How to Write an Exploratory Test Charter, Creating an Exploratory Testing Charter, What is Exploratory Testing?.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 3.3Behavior-Driven Development, and 3.2Test-Driven Development:

"TDD focuses on writing unit tests that guide the implementation of code."

"BDD focuses on writing scenarios that describe the behavior of the software, often using a language that stakeholders can understand."

Thus,Option Bis accurate — TDD targetscode implementation, BDD targetsbehavioral expectations.

Option Ais incorrect —TDD is at unit level, whileBDD is at the acceptance level.

Option Cis false —BDD is more readable and accessiblefor non-technical stakeholders.

Option Dconfuses BDD withuser story formats; BDD usesGiven-When-Then, not the "As a... I want..." template.

 Early and frequent feedback is one of the core values of Agile development. It helps the Agile team to deliver features with the highest business value first, to discover and resolve quality problems as soon as possible, to provide information on the team’s productivity and progress, and to ensure that the product meets the customer’s expectations and needs. However, early feedback does not necessarily decrease the amount of time needed for system testing, as system testing is still an important activity in Agile projects to verify the integration and functionality of the whole system. Early feedback may reduce the number of defects found in system testing, but it does not eliminate the need for system testing. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Extension Syllabus1, page 10; ISTQB Agile Tester Sample Exam2, question 11.

Regression of software is the risk that a change in one part of the software causes a defect in another part of the software that was previously working correctly. Regression of software is a high risk in agile projects because there is code churn due to change in business needs over several sprints. Code churn is the amount of code that is added, modified, or deleted in a software project over time. Code churn can indicate the volatility and complexity of the software, and the frequency and magnitude of the changes. In agile projects, code churn can be highbecause the business needs and the user requirements can change rapidly and frequently over several sprints, which are short iterations of development and testing. This means that the software is constantly evolving and adapting to the changing needs, and that the existing functionality and quality may be affected by the new or modified code. Therefore, regression of software is a high risk in agile projects, and it requires effective testing strategies and techniques to prevent, detect, and fix the regression defects. References: ISTQB® Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus1, Section 2.3.2, page 17; ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms2, version 4.0, pages 36 and 55

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

FromCTFL-AT Syllabus v4.0, Section 2.5Testers and Independence, it states:

"Testers may be assigned to Agile teams on a permanent or rotating basis. While full independence is compromised, this setup allows for better collaboration and understanding of the product, while still maintaining some degree of independence."

Thus,Option Bis the most accurate —long-term embedded testerssupport Agile collaboration while preservingpartial independence.

Option Aleads tolate involvement, which contradicts Agile principles.

Option Csacrifices independence entirely.

Option Dis traditional and contrary to Agile values of collaboration.

The tester within an Agile team is not responsible for ensuring all project status meetings are held according to the plan. This is typically a task for the Scrum Master, who facilitates the meetings and ensures that the team follows the Agile principles and practices. The tester within an Agile team is responsible for ensuring the appropriate testing tasks are scheduled during iteration planning, suggesting improvements in team retrospectives, and working with business stakeholders to clarifyrequirements. These are all tasks that contribute to the quality of the software and the testing process, as well as the collaboration and communication within the team and with the customers. References: ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Syllabus, Section 2.3.1, page 171; ISTQB Foundation Level Agile Tester Sample Exam Questions, Question 2.3.1-1, page 82