The number of client stations associated to the BSS

The power management settings in the access point’s beacons

The presence of co-located (10m away) access points on non-overlapping channels

The data rates at which nearby client stations are transmitting and receiving data

The layer 3 protocol used by each station to transmit data over the wireless link

Random backoff timer

Clear channel assessment

Network allocation vector

Slot assessment value

Collision detection

An impedance mismatch in the RF cables and connectors

Reflected direct current (DC) voltage on the main RF signal line

Attenuation of the RF signal as it travels along the main signal path

Crosstalk (inductance) between adjacent RF conductors

The access points are mounted too closely to one another.

Reflective objects in the area are causing significant multipath.

A client station is using active scanning to probe for access points on multiple channels.

The output power on the access points is too high.

A client station authenticates to both access points, but does not associate.

The access points are not synchronized to the same NTP server.

During the association, the client and AP agree to use the same transmit rate, but either station can request a change at any time after the association.

The client and AP each choose the optimal data rate to use independently of one another, based on their own measurements related to the RF link.

The client and AP may use different transmit rates, but the AP determines the data rate that will be used by each client station in the BSS.

The client and AP may use different transmit rates, but the client determines the data rate that it will use and the data rate that the AP will use when communicating to the client.

The client and AP may use a different transmit rates, but the transmit rate is determined by the peer station, based on the peer’s experience of the RF link.

dBm

W

dB

mW

VSWR

The RF interference caused by passing airplanes supporting on-board Wi-Fi should be a prime consideration.

The omni-directional antennas of the access points should be oriented parallel to the floor to maximize the coverage pattern across as many floors as possible.

The channel reuse pattern should be three dimensional with the RF cell extending coverage of each access point to other floors.

The Fresnel Zone is completely blocked between floors so each floor is considered a separate site survey.

20 MHz

20/40 MHz

40/80 MHz

22 MHz

80 MHz

160 MHz

902 - 928 MHz

2.4000 – 2.4835 GHz

5.15 – 5.25 GHz

5.470 – 5.725 GHz

5.725 – 5.875 GHz

The client station transmits a Reassociation Request frame to its current access point.

The current access point informs the IP gateway of the reassociation.

The current access point triggers the client’s reassociation service.

The new access point transmits a Reassociation Response to the client station with a status value.

The client and new access point create unicast encryption keys.

The client station transmits a deauthentication frame to the current access point.