*.* /dev/tty12

/var/log/messages | /dev/tty12

| /dev/tty12

syslog tty12

mail.* /dev/tty12

It fetches new emails from a remote server using POP3 or IMAP.

It is a multi-user mailing list manager.

It is a proprietary tool contained only in the qmail MTA.

It queries the mail queue of the local MTA.

It is a command-line based tool for reading and writing emails.

CASE

FROM

WHERE

IF

usermod

passwd

chattr

chage

chsh

In the database file /etc/crontab.db which is shared by all users.

As individual per-user files within /var/spool/cron.

As individual per-user files in /etc/cron.user.d.

In the .crontab file in the user ' s home directory.

In the file /var/cron/user-crontab which is shared by all users.

Run the command chsh -s /bin/false with the user name.

Set the UID for the user to 0.

Remove the user from the group staff.

Add the user to /etc/noaccess.

Create a .nologin file in the user ' s home directory.

groupdel

groupmod

groups

groupedit

The default route is always used first. When the default route is not available more specific routes are tried.

When a default route is set, all other routes are disabled until the default route is deleted.

The default route is only used if there is not a more specific route to a destination host or network.

Without a default route, no network communication even in directly attached networks is possible.

ifconfig

dig

netstat

route

trackroute