Update

Transaction

Encapsulation

Operational group

Two-tier using thin client

Three-tier using fat client

Three-tier using thin client

Centralized mainframe with terminal client

Provides support for a data manipulation language

Allows users to store data in a distributed data repository

Provides support for data formatting language commands

Translates procedural commands into non-procedural commands

The user accesses a database server using a terminal.

The user interface, data-processing logic, database access and data validation functions are performed on a mainframe server.

The user interface and data validation functions are performed by the client whereas the data-processing logic is performed on a server.

The user interface and data-processing logic are performed by the client whereas the server handles database access and data validation functions.

SELECT * FROM

Registration WHERE

Course_Code = #

SELECT * FROM

Registration WHERE

Course_Code LIKE _

SELECT * FROM

Registration WHERE

Course_Code LIKE %

SELECT * FROM

Registration WHERE

Course Code = %

The ordering of attributes in a table is significant.

An attribute contains values from multiple domains.

An attribute name can be used only once per table.

An attribute name can be used only once in a relational database system with multiple tables.

Data Control Language

Data Definition Language

Data Formatting Language

Data Manipulation Language