product routings between work centers.

plant layout.

material and operator movements.

material and information flow.

Coordinating with product engineering

Developing warranty specifications

Finding the lowest-cost suppliers

Flow-charting current processes

Newsletters distributed to every worker

Wall charts showing standards and actuals

Key performance indicators

The company's website

Estimates of individual task times are probabilistic.

Project tasks are backward scheduled.

Due dates are needed to identify critical tasks.

Project management can determine the critical path.

Cell output

Material and resource priority

Overall equipment effectiveness

Process variability

Motivation, capability and determination

Salary, promotions and bonuses

Accountability, responsibility and teamwork

Open communication, transparency and trust

Machinery and workers must be flexible

Takt time is variable

There is very little stocking of intermediate assemblies

Throughput times are generally long

Orders released on schedule

Orders changed after release

Orders shipped on first-promised date

Orders received on customer-requested date

voice of the customer.

customer-as-participant.

critical-to-quality.

concurrent engineering.

Product definition

Product design

Production

Distribution