Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Governance Approach within the programme strategy outlines how the programme will be directed and managed. This includes roles, responsibilities, reporting lines, and the organizational structure required for effective governance.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“The governance approach defines the programme’s organization structure, including roles and responsibilities, to support decision-making and control.”

Hence, option C is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The assurance plan outlines the activities that provide stakeholders with confidence that risks are identified, evaluated, and managed properly. It supports the “assurance” theme and includes information about the timing, scope, and responsibilities for assurance activities.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“The assurance plan includes the schedule and scope of assurance activities to ensure stakeholders are confident that risk and controls are effectively managed.”

Thus, A is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The "Embed the Outcomes" process ensures that the investing organization(s) adopts the new capabilities into operations and continues to realize and measure benefits after delivery.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“This process ensures that outcomes are embedded and that appropriate controls are put in place so that benefits realization continues into business as usual.”

Therefore, option C is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Senior Responsible Owner (SRO) is the figurehead of the programme and is accountable for its success. They focus on strategic alignment and stakeholder engagement at the executive level.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“The SRO is responsible for engaging with senior stakeholders and ensuring their ongoing support and alignment with the programme objectives.”

Thus, option C is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Design” theme focuses on developing a coherent model for how change will be achieved. Applying “Lead with purpose” means articulating a compelling vision and future state (target operating model) to guide and motivate stakeholders.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“This theme maintains a compelling vision of the future and ensures the design supports purposeful decision-making.”

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Cash flow in a programme context refers to the net amount of funds required to pay for ongoing expenses—primarily resources.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition defines:

“Cash flow is the net amount of cash and cash-equivalents required to pay for resources over time.”

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Structure” theme defines how the programme is organized and delivered over tranches. When this theme applies the “Collaborate across boundaries” principle, it leads to better coordination and utilization of resources across teams and organizations.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition notes:

“Collaborating across boundaries ensures resources are used effectively and efficiently by aligning the structure of delivery with responsibilities across the organization.”

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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The MSP principle‘Deploy Diverse Skills’refers to planning and utilizing the right mix of skills, internal and external, to deliver the programme capabilities effectively and at the best pace. This principle emphasizes the need to coordinate various specialist skills to ensure that capability delivery aligns with the achievement of outcomes and benefits.

From MSP Foundation, 5th Edition (Principles section):

“The principle of Deploy Diverse Skills means that programmes should plan and manage the delivery of capabilities in a way that draws on the appropriate skills at the right time, ensuring that outcomes and benefits are realized efficiently and effectively.”

This reflects a strategic approach to resource and skills management across the programme lifecycle.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A “landing point” in MSP refers to a point at the end of a tranche where the programme's direction is reviewed. It provides control and decision-making clarity on whether to proceed, adapt, or close the programme.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition defines:

“A landing point is a control point at the end of a tranche where the programme’s direction can be reviewed and re-confirmed.”

Therefore, option B is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The purpose of the “Evaluate New Information” process is to monitor progress, respond to emerging information, and take corrective actions as necessary. It ensures that decision-makers have timely insights to adjust direction.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“This process allows the programme to remain responsive by gathering new information and taking corrective action to keep the programme on track.”

Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ThePlan progressive deliveryprocess defines the tranche-based execution of the programme, covering staffing, procurement, and chunked delivery pacing. From Good‑e‑Learning:

The process defines acquisition and resource management approaches (Objective 3)

It also ensures the operational areas can support the speed of delivery (Objective 4)

Objectives 1 and 2 (benefits in BAU and risk registers) are part of Embed or Evaluate, not directly Plan Progressive Delivery. Hence, the correct answer isC (3 and 4).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The‘Structure’theme ensures the programme is organized into manageable tranches, with intermediate landing points linking to outcomes. The principleRealize measurable benefitsaligns closely with this by emphasizing clarity on how outcomes lead to measurable benefits over those predefined landing points. The principle ensures structure supports benefit realization at each stage. From MSP summary visual: the "Realize measurable benefits" principle is directly connected to the Structure theme

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

MSP recognises two types of knowledge: explicit (codified) and tacit (experiential, hard to articulate). To pass on tacit knowledge effectively, interpersonal interaction—such as one-on-one mentoring or shadowing—is essential. The Knowledge theme states:

“Tacit knowledge is best transferred through direct interaction—mentoring, coaching, informal conversations—rather than through written documentation.”

Therefore, the correct approach isD, promoting direct communication for tacit knowledge transfer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

“Deliver the Capabilities” focuses on delivering the agreed outputs and adjusting delivery if needed. Monitoring progress and corrective actions are key to staying on track.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition describes:

“This process ensures progress is monitored and corrective actions are taken to support successful delivery.”

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The principle “Bring pace and value” requires programmes to deliver value efficiently and quickly. The justification theme supports this by aligning financial planning (investment and benefits) with timely delivery.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“Financial planning should support the pace of delivery and the realization of value by phasing investment and benefits realization appropriately.”

Thus, B is the correct answer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Programme plans translate the programme strategy into actionable items. They describe how the strategy will be implemented, including scope, schedules, dependencies, and resources.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“Plans provide a view of how the strategy will be delivered, including what needs to be done, when, and by whom.”

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The three lines of defence model in MSP provides a structured assurance framework aligned to delegated authorities. It ensures the right level of oversight, independence, and control over programme activities.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“The three lines of defence provide layers of assurance: operational management, internal assurance, and independent external review, each offering increasing independence.”

Therefore, B is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Delivery Approach sets out how delivery will be organized and controlled, including interactions with suppliers and external partners.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“The delivery approach describes how the programme will manage delivery work including procurement and management of contracts with suppliers.”

Hence, B is the correct answer.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The ‘Lead with purpose’ principle centres on clarity of why the programme exists. Within the Organisation theme, this principle is applied by communicating a clear, compelling purpose to all stakeholders, thereby securing their alignment and commitment. The MSP manual explains:

“Organisation ensures that leadership communicate and embody the programme’s purpose, so that stakeholders understand why the programme matters and commit to its success.”

Thus, optionDis the accurate reflection of how the Organisation theme operationalizes 'Lead with purpose'.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Evaluate New Information” process ensures that decisions made during the programme are based on the latest knowledge and insights. This supports adaptation and ongoing alignment with organizational strategy.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“The purpose of this process is to ensure that up-to-date information is considered in decision-making as the programme progresses.”

Hence, the correct answer is B.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Within MSP, a risk owner is appointed to manage specific programme risks. Their actions and responses are overseen by theProgramme Board, which evaluates whether the responses sufficiently address identified threats or opportunities in line with the overall programme approach. This is confirmed by guidance on risk governance in MSP:

Thus,Cis correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The principle “Deal with ambiguity” acknowledges that uncertainty is an inherent part of transformational change. Managing ambiguity involves incorporating uncertainty into planning, especially within documents like the business case.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“The programme must recognize and respond to ambiguity by planning for uncertainty and reflecting this in programme controls such as the business case, risk management, and decision-making.”

Therefore, option C is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

TheAlign with prioritiesprinciple ensures the programme adapts to shifting strategic needs. This principle enables reprioritization of work based on emerging business priorities. Changing the capabilities delivered in a tranche when new information arises is the direct embodiment of that adaptability. MSP states:

“Align with priorities: adapting to new information and emergent change.”

OptionDmost closely reflects this active alignment.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The principle “Deploy diverse skills” involves bringing together varied knowledge and expertise to effectively manage a complex programme. Allocating the right people with the right skills, especially in critical oversight areas like assurance, reflects this.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“Deploying diverse skills includes using a range of assurance resources—balancing independence with programme knowledge—to ensure efficiency, insight, and control.”

Hence, option B is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Organization” theme supports the “Deal with ambiguity” principle by remaining flexible in how governance and roles evolve to match changing circumstances throughout the programme.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“The organization theme supports the principle by allowing roles and structures to evolve in response to ambiguity and change.”

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The vision statement is a concise, inspiring description of the future state the programme aims to achieve. Its purpose is to engage stakeholders and provide direction throughout the programme.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“The vision statement is a clear and compelling description of the future state that engages and motivates stakeholders.”

Therefore, D is the correct answer.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Programme Brief is developed during the “Identify the Programme” process and includes initial outlines of the programme’s costs, benefits, risks, scope, and intended outcomes.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“The programme brief provides an outline of the vision, anticipated benefits, high-level costs, key risks, and scope of the programme.”

Therefore, option B is correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Identify the Programme” process ensures there is a strategic case to proceed. Key objectives include identifying high-level risks to benefits and appointing critical roles, such as the SRO and programme board.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“This process ensures that major risks are identified, key roles are appointed, and that the investment case can be evaluated.”

Therefore, option D (1 and 4) is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In MSP, “processes” refer to structured sets of activities within the transformational flow that guide the delivery of the programme. Each process has inputs, outputs, roles, and objectives.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“Processes are structured sequences of activities designed to achieve specific objectives within the programme lifecycle.”

Hence, D is the correct answer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

An “issue owner” is appointed for each issue to ensure it is analyzed, managed, and resolved in a timely and effective manner.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition explains:

“Issue owners are accountable for managing and resolving the issues assigned to them.”

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The “Design the Outcomes” process focuses on creating a vision and target operating model that describes how the outcomes and benefits will be achieved. It includes designing a coherent plan for delivering these outcomes through various projects and enabling activities.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“Design the outcomes defines how the outcomes will be achieved and measured, and describes the delivery architecture, including the set of projects and other work that will deliver the capabilities.”

Thus, option D is correct.

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The ‘lead with purpose’ principle is about ensuring clarity of vision and empowering teams to act in alignment with it. The ‘knowledge’ theme supports this by ensuring that all participants have access to the information and learning needed to perform their roles effectively and purposefully.

MSP Foundation, 5th Edition states:

“Effective knowledge management enables individuals and teams to do their best work in support of the programme’s purpose.”

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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