At the bottom

In the middle

At the top

It does not matter where they are placed.

The metric must be set accordingly for RIP

The subnet mask must be removed from the OSPF route

You must divide the cost of the OSPF route by three

The router must be configured as an ASBR

Not So Stubby Area

Stub Area

Backbone Area

Standard Area

RIPv1 and RIPv2

OSPF

IS-IS

BGP

No protocol extensions required

Only supported by OSPF and IS-IS

Transparent to routing neighbors

Uses Graceful Restart to inter-operate with other vendors

A policy statement within the router identifying what is to be advertised

Access-lists denoting what is to be advertised

Default metrics for each link

A group and neighbor statement for each peer

Router R2 needs a static route to the PC.

Router R2 needs a default to router R1.

Router R1 needs a default route to router R2.

The static route should use a next-hop of 172.31.1.2

Automatic summarization and the use of IP addresses that use any number of bits for the network portion of the address.

Manual summarization and the use of IP addresses that use any number of bits for the network portion of the address.

Automatic summarization and the use of IP addresses that use a fixed number of bits for the network portion of the address.

Manual summarization and the use of IP addresses that use a fixed number of bits for the network portion of the address.

There are five broadcast links and there are no point-to-point links.

There are five broadcast links and there are five point-to-point links.

There are five broadcast links. It ' s not possible to say how many point-to-point links there are.

It ' s not possible to say how many broadcast or point-to-point links there are.

Fast reroute capability.

Control traffic prioritization.

Route redistribution.

Traffic engineering extensions.

Cut through forwarding.