In a cost reimbursable contract , the contractor is reimbursed for all allowable costs incurred during the project, plus an additional fee (which could be a fixed fee or a percentage of costs). This contract type provides several advantages but also has its limitations.

Key Points:

Advantages of Cost Reimbursable Contracts:

Simpler Proposal Evaluation: The focus is on selecting the best contractor rather than the lowest bid, making the evaluation process simpler.

Flexibility in Dealing with Changes: This contract type allows for adjustments and changes as the project progresses.

Early Start: Work can begin quickly without needing a fully defined scope since costs are reimbursed.

Owner Control:

While cost reimbursable contracts offer flexibility, they do not inherently mean that the owner controls all aspects of the work. The contractor typically manages the execution of the project, while the owner retains control over the budget and major decisions.

Conclusion: The correct answer is D. Owner controls all aspects of the work because, in cost reimbursable contracts, the contractor has significant control over how the work is performed, while the owner mainly controls costs and high-level decisions.

Total Cost Management (TCM) is a holistic approach that involves the application of practices and processes to manage the total life cycle costs of a portfolio of strategic assets. This concept extends beyond individual project management to encompass the entire investment life cycle, from initial planning and design through to operation, maintenance, and eventual decommissioning or replacement of assets. TCM aims to optimize the total cost of ownership and ensure that resources are allocated efficiently over the long term.

Option A refers to a specific method for quantifying construction damages, not the broad concept of TCM.

Option C describes a job cost system, which is a narrower focus than TCM.

Option D incorrectly states that TCM does not link to project management, resource management, or accounting, which are integral to TCM.

Therefore, B is the correct answer as it best describes the comprehensive and life cycle-oriented nature of Total Cost Management.

The median cost is found by ordering the unit costs and selecting the middle value. The ordered costs are:

$26.78, $34.50, $37.30, $40.00, $46.59, $55.00, $55.00, $65.00, $75.00

Since there are nine data points, the fifth value in this list is the median:

C. $40.00 is the median unit cost.

Given Scenario:

The question asks about the system used in the U.S. for calculating depreciation.

The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) is the current system used in the United States for calculating depreciation for tax purposes.

Postponed profits refer to profits that could not be recognized during a specific financial period because the goods or services did not fully satisfy the customer’s requirements, and thus the revenue could not be recognized according to accounting standards. This situation occurs when revenue recognition criteria have not been met, leading to a delay in recognizing profits. Hence, the correct answer is D. Postponed profits .

In project management, the relationship that defines a situation where one activity can partially start as another activity starts is known as Start to Start . This type of dependency is used when two activities need to begin at the same time or when one activity can start before the other finishes but cannot finish before the first activity starts.

Termination of Contract for Convenience is a clause in a contract that allows the owner or the principal to terminate the contract at their discretion, irrespective of the general contractor's liability or performance. This type of termination does not require the contractor to be in breach of contract; it allows the owner to end the contract for reasons such as changes in project scope, funding issues, or strategic decisions. While the contractor is typically entitled to compensation for work completed up to the termination, they may not be entitled to the full profit expected if the contract were completed.

A target contract is a form of contract where both the owner and contractor agree on a target cost, and both parties share any cost savings or overruns. This contract type encourages efficiency but has some drawbacks.

Key Points:

Disadvantages of Target Contracts:

No Competitive Bidding for Targets: The target cost is typically negotiated rather than competitively bid, which could lead to less competitive pricing.

Other Points: While target contracts encourage timely and economical completion and allow for early start and flexibility, the lack of competitive bidding for the targets can be a significant disadvantage.

Conclusion: The correct answer is B. No opportunity to competitively bid the targets because this is a specific disadvantage associated with target contracts.

To calculate the 25-year after-tax present worth of this project, we need to consider the income, expenses, depreciation, and taxes.

First, calculate the annual depreciation:

Depreciation=Initial CostLife=80,00025=3,200\text{Depreciation} = \frac{\text{Initial Cost}}{\text{Life}} = \frac{80,000}{25} = 3,200Depreciation=LifeInitial Cost​=2580,000​=3,200

Now, calculate the taxable income each year:

Taxable Income=Revenue−Expenses−Depreciation=22,500−12,000−3,200=7,300\text{Taxable Income} = \text{Revenue} - \text{Expenses} - \text{Depreciation} = 22,500 - 12,000 - 3,200 = 7,300Taxable Income=Revenue−Expenses−Depreciation=22,500−12,000−3,200=7,300

Calculate the tax:

Tax=Taxable Income×Tax Rate=7,300×0.53=3,869\text{Tax} = \text{Taxable Income} \times \text{Tax Rate} = 7,300 \times 0.53 = 3,869Tax=Taxable Income×Tax Rate=7,300×0.53=3,869

Net income after tax:

Net Income=Taxable Income−Tax=7,300−3,869=3,431\text{Net Income} = \text{Taxable Income} - \text{Tax} = 7,300 - 3,869 = 3,431Net Income=Taxable Income−Tax=7,300−3,869=3,431

Add back depreciation (since it’s a non-cash expense):

Cash Flow=3,431+3,200=6,631\text{Cash Flow} = 3,431 + 3,200 = 6,631Cash Flow=3,431+3,200=6,631

Finally, calculate the present worth using the formula for the present worth of an annuity:

Present Worth=6,631×(1−(1+0.10)−250.10)≈137,466\text{Present Worth} = 6,631 \times \left(\frac{1-(1+0.10)^{-25}}{0.10}\right) \approx 137,466Present Worth=6,631×(0.101−(1+0.10)−25​)≈137,466

So, the correct answer is B. $137,466 .

During the design phase of a project, the type of information typically available includes square footage of buildings, factored indirects, types of rides and exhibits identified, utility requirements, and conceptual layouts . At this stage, detailed construction drawings and specific vendor quotes may not yet be available, but the design will have advanced enough to provide a conceptual framework, which includes the size of the project, types of attractions, and basic infrastructure requirements. This information allows for a preliminary estimate that can be refined as the design progresses.