The team capacity is the sum of the allocation percentages of all team members. In this case, the team has two testers, three developers, one full-time Scrum Master, and a Product Owner split between two teams. Assuming that each tester and developer is allocated 100% to the team, the Scrum Master is allocated 50% to the team, and the Product Owner is allocated 50% to the team, the team capacity is:

2 x 100% + 3 x 100% + 1 x 50% + 1 x 50% = 600%

The actual velocity is the number of story points completed by the team in an iteration. Assuming that the team completed 40 story points in the first iteration, the actual velocity is:

40

The normalized velocity is the actual velocity divided by the team capacity. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

40 / 600% = 6.67

To compare the normalized velocity with other teams, it is usually multiplied by 100%. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

6.67 x 100% = 66.67

To compare the normalized velocity with other teams that have five full-time members, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

66.67 / 5 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually multiplied by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14 x 6 = 84

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 5 = 16

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 4, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 4. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually multiplied by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16 x 5 = 80

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually divided by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 6 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually multiplied by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14 x 6 = 84

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 5 = 16

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 4, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 4. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually multiplied by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16 x 5 = 80

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually divided by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 6 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually multiplied by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14 x 6 = 84

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 5 = 16

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 4, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 4. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually multiplied by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16 x 5 = 80

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually divided by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 6 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually multiplied by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14 x 6 = 84

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 5 = 16

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 4, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 4. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually multiplied by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16 x 5 = 80

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually divided by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 6 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually multiplied by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14 x 6 = 84

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually divided by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 5 = 16

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 4, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 4. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of iterations in a PI, it is usually multiplied by 5. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

16 x 5 = 80

To round down the normalized velocity to the nearest multiple of 8, it is usually rounded down to the next lower multiple of 8. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80

To divide the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team, it is usually divided by 6. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

80 / 6 = 13.33

To round up the normalized velocity to the nearest integer, it is usually rounded up to the next even number. In this case, the normalized velocity is:

14

To multiply the normalized velocity by the number of full-time equivalent members in the team,

 A User Story is a short description of a piece of functionality that delivers value to a customer or stakeholder. It is typically written from the perspective of an end user and follows the format: “As a < role > , I want < something > , so that < benefit > ”. User Stories are the primary elements of the Team Backlog and are used to plan and execute the Iteration. User Stories should be small enough to be completed within one Iteration, which is usually two weeks long. If a User Story is too large or complex, it should be split into smaller stories that can fit within the Iteration timebox. This ensures that the team can deliver value frequently and receive feedback quickly.  References :  SAFe for Teams Student Workbook : materials and exercises from Lesson 3;  v6.scaledagileframework.com/story/

Respect for People is one of the four SAFe Core Values. It means that the enterprise fosters a culture of mutual influence, trust, empowerment, and collaboration among all the people involved in delivering value, including customers, employees, partners, and suppliers. Respect for People also implies that the enterprise values diversity, inclusion, and psychological safety, and that it treats people as the most important asset.  Respect for People supports the following practices in SAFe 1 :

Turn mistakes into learning moments. Mistakes are inevitable in complex and uncertain environments, and they provide opportunities for learning and improvement. Instead of blaming or punishing people for making mistakes, the enterprise encourages them to share their learnings, experiment with new ideas, and apply the Plan-Do-Check-Adjust (PDCA) cycle.

Create a trust-based environment. Trust is the foundation of effective collaboration and high performance. The enterprise builds trust by being transparent, honest, supportive, and accountable. It also empowers people to make decisions, take ownership, and self-organize around value delivery.

Visualize work. Visualization helps people see the flow of value, identify bottlenecks, dependencies, and waste, and collaborate on solutions.  The enterprise uses various tools and techniques to visualize work, such as Kanban boards, Cumulative Flow Diagrams, Program Boards, and Value Stream Maps.  References :  1 :  Respect for People and Culture - Scaled Agile Framework

Shift learning left is one of the five basic Agile quality practices applicable to all Agile Teams. It means moving testing and validation activities as early as possible in the development process, to identify and fix defects before they become costly and risky. This practice improves quality, reduces waste, and accelerates delivery.  References :  Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner ,  Built-in Quality ,  Lesson 4: Deliver Value

ART Sync is an event that SAFe recommends running regularly throughout the PI. ART Sync is a weekly meeting that brings together the key roles of the Agile Release Train (ART), such as the Release Train Engineer (RTE), the Product Management, the System Architect/Engineer, the Business Owners, and the Scrum Masters. The purpose of ART Sync is to review the progress and status of the ART, identify and resolve impediments and dependencies, coordinate cross-team and cross-ART activities, and align on the vision and objectives of the PI. ART Sync helps the ART maintain alignment, collaboration, and synchronization, and enables fast feedback and continuous improvement.  References :  ART Sync - Scaled Agile Framework ,  SAFe for Teams Student Workbook: materials and exercises from Lesson 6

According to SAFe, basing decisions on economics means applying the principles of Lean-Agile budgeting and Lean portfolio management to align investments with strategic outcomes and optimize value delivery. Lead time, product cost, value, and development expense are some of the key economic variables that influence the decision-making process. These variables are used to understand the tradeoffs between different solutions, such as choosing between faster delivery, lower cost, higher quality, or more features. By using these variables, teams and leaders can evaluate the economic impact of their choices and select the best option that maximizes value and minimizes waste.  References : [Basing Decisions on Economics], [Lean-Agile Budgeting] , [Lean Portfolio Management], [Economic Framework] , [Economic Decision Rules].

 The PI Planning process is a two-day event that aligns all the teams on the Agile Release Train (ART) to a shared mission and vision for the upcoming Program Increment (PI) 1 .  The PI Planning process has several inputs and outputs, as shown in Figure 1 2 .  One of the outputs of the PI Planning process is the PI Objectives, which are a set of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound) goals that each team and the ART commit to achieving in the PI 3 .  The PI Objectives are based on the features and enablers that the teams plan to deliver, and they reflect the business and technical value that the teams and the ART intend to provide to the stakeholders 4 .  The PI Objectives are also used to track the progress and performance of the teams and the ART throughout the PI execution 5 . The other options are not outputs of the PI Planning process, but rather inputs or outcomes. The PI Vision is an input to the PI Planning process, which describes the current state, future state, and features of the solution that the ART will deliver in the PI. The PI Goals are an outcome of the PI Planning process, which are derived from the PI Objectives and summarize the business and technical benefits that the ART will deliver in the PI. The Actual PI Business Value is an outcome of the PI execution, which measures the actual value delivered by the ART at the end of the PI, based on the PI Objectives and stakeholder feedback.  References :  PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework ,  Inputs and Outputs of PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework ,  PI Objectives - Scaled Agile Framework ,  PI Planning - Scaled Agile Framework ,  Program Execution - Scaled Agile Framework , [PI Vision - Scaled Agile Framework], [PI Goals - Scaled Agile Framework] , [Inspect and Adapt - Scaled Agile Framework]

Figure 1.  Inputs and outputs of PI Planning 2

 Agile Product Delivery is one of the SAFe Core Competencies of Business Agility that includes the Customer Centricity and Design Thinking dimension. Agile Product Delivery is a customer-centric approach to defining, building, and releasing a continuous flow of valuable products and services to customers and users. It requires a close collaboration between the business and IT, and a focus on delivering solutions that meet the current and future needs of the customers and users. Customer Centricity and Design Thinking are key aspects of Agile Product Delivery that help enterprises understand their customers and users better, empathize with their problems and goals, and co-create solutions that delight them. Customer Centricity and Design Thinking also enable enterprises to validate their assumptions and hypotheses, and pivot when necessary to achieve the desired outcomes.  References :  Exam Study Guide: SP (6.0) - SAFe® Practitioner ,  Agile Product Delivery ,  Customer Centricity ,  Design Thinking

Story points are a relative measure of the effort required to implement a user story. They take into account the volume, complexity, knowledge, and uncertainty of the work. Volume refers to how much work there is, complexity refers to how hard it is, knowledge refers to what is known or unknown, and uncertainty refers to the risk or variability involved. Story points help agile teams estimate their work and plan their iterations.  References :  Story - Scaled Agile Framework ,  Story Point - Scaled Agile Framework ,  Understanding complexity | Range

 = An empathy map is a tool used to better understand and empathize with a specific group of people, such as customers or users. It helps teams gain deeper insights into the thoughts, feelings, needs, and behaviors of the target audience. An empathy map consists of four quadrants that reflect what the user said, did, thought, and felt during the research phase. An empathy map helps to synthesize the user data, identify the user needs, and generate insights for the design challenge.  References : =  Empathy Map – Why and How to Use It | IxDF ,  What Is an Empathy Map? [Complete Guide] - CareerFoundry ,  What Is an Empathy Map? | Coursera