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Question # 4

One true statement about the rate ratios used by a health plan is that the

A.

End result of a typical family rate ratio is that the health plan's family rate is subsidized by its single premium rate

B.

health plan cannot arbitrarily increase or decrease its rate ratio for a rate category

C.

rate ratios used by the health plan most likely have been established by government regulations

D.

health plan should determine its rate ratios by considering family size alone rather than competitive factors such as the ratios that competitors are using

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Question # 5

The Eclipse Health Plan is a not-for-profit health plan that qualifies under the Internal Revenue Code for tax-exempt status. This information indicates that Eclipse

A.

Has only one potential source of funding: borrowing money

B.

Does not pay federal, state, or local taxes on its earnings

C.

Must distribute its earnings to its owners-investors for their personal gain

D.

Is a privately held corporation

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Question # 6

The Kayak Company self funds the health plan for its employees. This plan is an example of a type of self-funded plan known as a general asset plan. The fact that this is a completely self-funded plan indicates that

A.

The plan has no funding vehicle

B.

Kayak passes to its employees the financial risk of providing healthcare coverage

C.

The plan most likely is exempt from ERISA requirements concerning the limits on benefit discrimination for classes of employees

D.

The plan is exempt from the state laws and regulations that apply to health insurance policies

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Question # 7

Reconciliation is the process by which a health plan assesses providers' performance relative to contractual terms and reimbursement.

With regard to this process, it can correctly be stated that

A.

Areconciliation typically includes payment to the providers of any withholds or bonuses due to them

B.

Ahealth plan typically should conduct a reconciliation immediately after the evaluation period has ended

C.

Most agreements between health plans and providers require reconciliations to be performed quarterly

D.

Ahealth plan typically should not conduct reconciliation for a provider until the plan has received all claims or other documentation of services that the physician provided during the evaluation period

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Question # 8

Health plans sometimes use global fees to reimburse providers. Health plans would use this method of provider reimbursement for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that global fees

A.

Eliminate any motivation the providermay have to engage in churning

B.

Transfer some of the risk of overutilization of care from the health plan to the providers

C.

Eliminate the practice of upcoding within specific treatments

D.

Reward providers who deliver cost-effective care

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Question # 9

If Grace Wilson is eligible for benefits under both the Medicare and Medicaid programs, then

A.

Medicare is Ms. Wilson's primary insurer

B.

A Medicare- or Medicaid-contracting health plan is allowed to lock-in Ms. Wilson's enrollment for a maximum period of 24 months

C.

The BBA requires the state to guarantee Ms. Wilson's eligibility for a minimum of 18 months once she enrolls in a health plan network

D.

Ms. Wilson can only receive Medicare- or Medicaid-covered services from a provider who participates in a health plan network

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Question # 10

With regard to a health plan's underwriting of groups, it can correctly be stated that, generally, a

A.

Health plan will require that contributory healthcare plans have a participation level of between 50% and 70%

B.

Health plan will decline to cover a group that has been formed for the sole purpose of obtaining healthcare coverage

C.

Health plan's underwriters will not examine the age spread of the entire group being underwritten

D.

Health plan would expect a group with a large proportion of young females to have lower healthcare costs than does a similar group with a large proportion of young males

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Question # 11

This concept, which holds that a company should record the amounts associated with its business transactions in monetary terms, assumes that the value of money is stable over time. This concept provides objectivity and reliability, although its relevance may fluctuate.

From the following answer choices, choose the name of the accounting concept that matches the description.

A.

Measuring-unit concept

B.

Full-disclosure concept

C.

Cost concept

D.

Time-period concept

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Question # 12

The Eagle health plan wants to limit the possibility that it will be held vicariously liable for the negligent acts of providers. Dr. Michael Chan is a member of an independent practice association (IPA) that has contracted with Eagle. One step that Eagle could take in order to limit its exposure under the theory of vicarious liability is to

A.

Supply Dr. Chan with office space

B.

Employ nurses, laboratory technicians, and therapists to support Dr.Chan

C.

Be responsible for keeping Dr. Chan's medical records updated

D.

Ensure that documents provided to Dr. Chan's patients describe him as an independent practitioner

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Question # 13

The Newfeld Hospital has contracted with the Azalea Health Plan to provide inpatient services to Azalea's enrolled members. The contract calls for Azalea to provide specific stop-loss coverage to Newfeld once Newfeld's treatment costs reach $20,000 per case and for Newfeld to pay 20% of the next $50,000 of expenses for this case. After Newfeld's treatment costs on a case reach $70,000, Azalea reimburses the hospital for all subsequent treatment costs.

The maximum amount for which Newfeld is at risk for any one Azalea plan member's treatment costs is

A.

$10,000

B.

$14,000

C.

$30,000

D.

$34,000

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Question # 14

The Marble Health Plan sets aside a PMPM amount for each specialty.

When a PCP in Marble's provider network refers a Marble plan member to a specialist and the specialist provides medical services to the member, the specialist begins to receive a share of those funds on a monthly basis. Marble determines the monthly payment for each specialist by dividing the number of active patients for that specialty by the total specialty pool for that month.

This form of payment, which is similar to a case rate, is known as

A.

Referral circle capitation

B.

Risk pod capitation

C.

Contact capitation

D.

Retrospective reimbursement capitation

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Question # 15

The purest form of a self-funded benefit plan is one in which the employer pays benefits from current revenue, administers all aspects of the plan, and bears the risk that actual benefit payments will exceed the expected amount of payments. A decision to use this kind of self-funding is generally considered most desirable when certain conditions are present. These conditions most likely include that the benefit plan

A.

Is a contributory plan

B.

Is subject to collective bargaining

C.

Is unable to secure discounts from the physicians who provide medical services to the plan members

D.

Has a relatively high frequency of low severity claims

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Question # 16

A stop-loss contract may provide that claims are settled using a paid claims method or an incurred claims method. The Concord Company provides health coverage to its employees through a self-funded health plan. On March 17, a Concord employee who is enrolled in this plan underwent surgery, and the surgery was sufficiently expensive to trigger Concord's specific stop-loss coverage. On April 10, Concord paid the medical expenses associated with the surgery. The term of the stop-loss contract ended on April 1. This information indicates that the stop-loss carrier is responsible for paying a portion of the cost of the surgery under

A.

both the paid claims method and the incurred claims method

B.

the paid claims method but not the incurred claims method

C.

the incurred claims method but not the paid claims method

D.

neither the paid claims method nor the incurred claims method

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Question # 17

The provider contract that Dr. Timothy Meyer, a pediatrician, has with the Cardigan health plan states that Cardigan will compensate him under a capitation arrangement. However, the contract also includes a typical low enrollment guarantee provision. Statements that can correctly be made about this arrangement include that the low enrollment guarantee provision most likely:

A.

Causes Dr. Meyer's capitation contract with Cardigan to transfer more risk to him than the contract otherwise would transfer

B.

Specifies that Cardigan will pay Dr. Meyer under an arrangement other than capitation until a specified number of children covered by the plan use him as their PCP

C.

Both A and B

D.

A only

E.

B only

F.

Neither A nor B

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Question # 18

A health plan can use segment margins to evaluate the profitability of its profit centers. One characteristic of a segment margin is that this margin

A.

Is the portion of the contribution margin that remains after a segment has covered its direct fixed costs

B.

Incorporates only the costs attributable to a segment, but it does not incorporate revenues

C.

Considers only a segment's costs that fluctuate in direct proportion to changes in the segment's level of operating activity

D.

Evaluates the profit center's effective use of assets employed to earn a profit

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Question # 19

The HMO Model Act sets certain requirements that an entity that wishes to operate as an HMO must meet. These requirements include:

A.

Having an initial net worth of at least $5 million

B.

Maintaining a net worth equal to at least 5% of premium revenues for the first $150 million in premium revenue

C.

Using a prospective method to estimate future risk

D.

Obtaining a certificate of authority (COA) before beginning operations

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Question # 20

Health plans with risk-based Medicare contracts are required to calculate and submit to CMS a Medicare adjusted community rate (Medicare ACR). Medicare ACR can be defined as the:

A.

Estimated cost of providing services to a beneficiary under Medicare FFS, adjusted for factors such as age and gender

B.

Health plan’s estimate of the premium it would charge Medicare enrollees in the absence of Medicare payments to the health plan

C.

Average amount the health plan expects to receive from CMS per beneficiary covered

D.

Health plan’s actual costs of providing benefits to Medicare enrollees in a given year

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Question # 21

The following statements are about a health plan's evaluation of its responsibility centers. Select the answer choice containing the correct statement.

A.

When analyzing budget variances, a health plan's management should pay attention to unfavorable variances only.

B.

A health plan can reduce the problem of unattainable goals by involving responsibility managers in the preparation of their centers' budgets.

C.

One reason that a health plan would use cost-based transfer prices to evaluate the performance of its profit centers and investment centers is because, under this method of setting transfer prices, the selling center has maximum incentive to operate effectively and control costs.

D.

In responsibility accounting, all employees who have any influence over a health plan's department are held equally accountable for the operations and financial outcomes of that department.

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Question # 22

The following information was presented on one of the financial statements prepared by the Rouge Health Plan as of December 31, 1998:

This type of financial statement is called:

A.

A balance sheet

B.

An income statement

C.

A statement of owners’ equity

D.

A cash flow statement

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Question # 23

One true statement about capital and surplus ratios for health plans is that

A.

This ratio is calculated by dividing a health plan's total liabilities by its capital and surplus

B.

A health plan's capital and surplus position would be likely to weaken because of reserve valuation changes that reduce the health plan's reserves

C.

The primary purpose of these ratios is to compare a health plan's obligations to its ability to meet those obligations

D.

An increase in the value of a health plan's capital and surplus ratio most likely indicates that the health plan's financial position has strengthened

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Question # 24

The Jade Health Plan used a profitability index (PI) to rank the following capital proposals:

Proposal PI

A0.45

B1.05

This information indicates that, of these two projects, Jade would most likely select:

A.

Proposal A, and the PI indicates that the net present value (NPV) for this project is less than zero

B.

Proposal A, and the PI indicates that the net present value (NPV) for this project is greater than zero

C.

Proposal B, and the PI indicates that the net present value (NPV) for this project is less than zero

D.

Proposal B, and the PI indicates that the net present value (NPV) for this project is greater than zero

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Question # 25

Companies typically produce three types of budgets: operational budgets, cash budgets, and capital budgets. The following statements are about operational budgets. Select the answer choice containing the correct statement.

A.

Expense budgets, a type of operational budget, typically describe fixed expenses rather than variable expenses.

B.

Operational budgets can only show information by department or by line of business.

C.

Operational budgets begin with a forecast of sales revenue and investment income.

D.

Revenue budgets, a type of operational budget, indicate the amount of income from operations that a company received from the previous budget period

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Question # 26

In the following paragraph, a sentence contains two pairs of words enclosed in parentheses. Determine which word in each pair correctly completes the sentence. Then select the answer choice containing the two words that you have selected.

Budgeting approaches can be classified as static or flexible budgets, or as rolling or period budgets. A health plan most likely would use a (static / flexible) budget when a budget's objective is to reduce or limit expenses, and the health plan most likely would use a (rolling / period) budget if it would like to continually maintain projections for a certain time period into the future.

A.

static / rolling

B.

static / period

C.

flexible / rolling

D.

flexible / period

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Question # 27

Costs that can be defined by behavior are most commonly classified as fixed costs, variable costs, and semi-variable costs. From the following answer choices, select the response that correctly indicates a fixed cost and a variable cost for a health plan.

A.

Fixed Cost = depreciation on computer equipment

Variable Cost = selling expenses

B.

Fixed Cost = premium processing expenses

Variable Cost = rent on a regional office

C.

Fixed Cost = the cost for building maintenance

Variable Cost = the cost for electricity

D.

Fixed Cost = the cost for electricity

Variable Cost = fire insurance on the home office facility

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Question # 28

With regard to alternative funding arrangements, the part of a health plan premium that is intended to contribute to the claims reserve that a health plan maintains to pay for unusually high utilization is known as the:

A.

Interest charge

B.

Retention charge

C.

Risk charge

D.

Surplus

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Question # 29

The following transactions occurred at the Lane Health Plan:

  • Transaction 1 — Lane recorded a $25,000 premium prior to receiving the payment
  • Transaction 2 — Lane purchased $500 in office expenses on account, but did not record the expense until it received the bill a month later
  • Transaction 3 — Fire destroyed one of Lane’s facilities; Lane waited until the facility was rebuilt before assessing and recording the amount of loss
  • Transaction 4 — Lane sold an investment on which it realized a $14,000 gain; Lane recorded the gain only after the sale was completed.

Of these transactions, the one that is consistent with the accounting principle of conservatism is:

A.

Transaction 1

B.

Transaction 2

C.

Transaction 3

D.

Transaction 4

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Question # 30

Juan Ramirez, a licensed social worker, and Dr. Laura Lui, a licensed psychiatrist, are under contract to the Peninsula Health Plan. Peninsula has contracted with CMS to provide services to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. Both Mr. Ramirez and Dr. Lui provide the same type of counseling services to Peninsula's enrollees. With respect to amendments made to the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 that impact provider reimbursement, the amount by which Peninsula will reimburse Mr. Ramirez will be equal to:

A.

50% of Dr. Lui's reimbursement

B.

75% of Dr. Lui's reimbursement

C.

90% of Dr. Lui's reimbursement

D.

100% of Dr. Lui's reimbursement

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Question # 31

The Fairway health plan is a for-profit health plan that issues stock. The following data was taken from Fairway's financial statements:

  • Current assets.....$5,000,000
  • Total assets.....6,000,000
  • Current liabilities.....2,500,000
  • Total liabilities.....3,600,000
  • Stockholders' equity.....2,400,000

Fairway's total revenues for the previous financial period were $7,200,000, and its net income for that period was $180,000.

For the previous financial period, Fairway's net profit margin was

A.

2.50%

B.

3.00%

C.

3.60%

D.

7.50%

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Question # 32

One way that the Medicare and Medicaid programs differ is that under Medicare, a smaller proportion of provider reimbursement goes to the primary care providers and a greater proportion of the reimbursement goes to hospitals and specialists.

A.

True

B.

False

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