10 m (33 ' )

30 m (100 ' )

50 m (164 ' )

90 m (295 ' )

It may leave excessive slack in the horizontal runs

It may cause increased EMI within each twisted pair

It can deform the cable jacket and alter pair geometry, leading to degraded performance

It can increase the length of the cable runs by 15-20%

Second-level

Intrabuilding

First-level

Alternating current (AC) grounding electrode system

Telecommunication bonding infrastructure

Equipment grounding system

Only the outer jacket is stripped back to expose the shield at the connector

The cable shield is bonded to a non-conductive anchor to prevent ground loops

The drain wire or shield foil is securely bonded to the connecting hardware or patch panel that is connected to the TGB/TMGB

The shield is folded back outside of the connector for easy visual inspection

Different shielded cable types can be directly bonded together without a grounding kit

Optical fiber cable should be grounded at both ends using a single conductor

The best practice is to install at least two diverse pathways to allow for redundancy

Each building must independently ground its backbone cable to a separate earth ground

Hierarchical Star

Star

Tree

Ring

25 mm (1 " )

50 mm (2 " )

6 times the outside cable diameter

10 times the outside cable diameter

A rack provides open mounting rails, whereas a cabinet has doors or side panels for equipment protection

A cabinet requires no grounding or bonding, whereas a rack must be grounded

An equipment rack is used for fiber while a cabinet is used for copper only

Cabinets can only be installed on exterior walls, while racks are installed in the room interior