C: Serialization delay is the time it takes to place a packet onto the physical medium.

E: It is calculated as (packet size / link speed), thus depending on both the packet size and the interface speed.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: It depends on both size and line rate, not just line rate.

B: Packet type has no effect on serialization delay.

D: It's not only packet size, but also link speed that affects it.

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B: Faster control plane convergence reduces the total recovery time after failure detection.

D: Enabling lower layer detection (such as BFD or physical layer link failure detection) shortens the time it takes to notify the control plane about link failure.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: Stability improves network operation but doesn’t address detection delay directly.

C: Interface flaps notification frequency doesn’t reduce initial detection delay — could actually create instability.

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In an IS-IS design, placing the Level-1/Level-2 (L1/L2) boundary at the core limits the extent of the flooding domain, improving scalability and stability.

By limiting Level-2 flooding to the core, instability or frequent changes in the access/distribution layers (typically Level-1) do not impact the core.

The core remains stable, while routing changes are isolated within the Level-1 domains.

Other options explained:

A: Overlapping domains are not a design objective.

B: This has no direct impact on Layer 1 complexity.

C: IS-IS design must match topology hierarchy; this is not universally applicable.

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B: In dual cloud DMVPN designs, hubs typically terminate both clouds to provide full resiliency.

C: The design improves high availability and redundancy in case one DMVPN cloud fails.

Why other options are incorrect:

A: Multi-tier (multi-hub) architectures are supported.

D: Spoke-to-spoke communication can be direct via NHRP once the overlay is established; it doesn’t have to always transit hubs.

E: Dual Internet connections are not strictly required for dual cloud DMVPN — dual tunnels can be built even with a single Internet connection.

In most Cisco NAT implementations:

Local-to-global NAT translations occur before policy-based routing (PBR), meaning that NAT happens first, and then PBR decisions are made based on the translated addresses.

This sequence is important when designing overlapping address spaces, as NAT must be applied before routing policies can correctly forward traffic based on global addresses.

Other options explained:

A: Incorrect sequence.

B/D: Global-to-local translations occur during inbound processing but not in the order described relative to PBR.

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A (Evaluate bandwidth utilization and connection quality):Before VoIP deployment, a readiness assessment must include bandwidth analysis, latency, jitter, and packet loss to ensure call quality.

Other options explained:

B: DID lines relate to telephony features but not network readiness.

C: Session table limits are unrelated to VoIP readiness.

D: Anomaly detection is security-related, not core network readiness.

D (Python):Python is widely used for network automation, configuration management, and scripting tasks. It simplifies repeatable network changes, validation, and integration with controllers and APIs, reducing deployment time.

Other options explained:

A: LISP is a routing protocol, not an automation tool.

B: Java is a general-purpose language but not commonly used for network automation.

C: "Conclusion" is not a tool.