SAP-C02 Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Solutions Architect

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Architecting Large-Scale Cloud Infrastructures: Why True Multi-Account System Logic Outforms Static Test Banks

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Question # 76

A company needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) plan for a web application. The application runs in a single AWS Region.

The application uses microservices that run in containers. The containers are hosted on AWS Fargate in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The application has an Amazon RDS for MYSQL DB instance as its data layer and uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS resolution. An Amazon CloudWatch alarm invokes an

Amazon EventBridge rule if the application experiences a failure.

A solutions architect must design a DR solution to provide application recovery to a separate Region. The solution must minimize the time that is necessary to recover

from a failure.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to perform the following actions: take asnapshot of the ROS DB instance. copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance frorn the snapshot, and update Route 53 toroute traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Lambda function that creates a second ECS cluster and ECS service in the separate Region. Configure the Lambda function to perform thefollowing actions: take a snapshot of thQRDS DB instance, copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance from the snapshot.and update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create a cross-Region read replica of the RDS DB instance in theseparate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to prornote the read replica to the primary database. Configure the Lambda function to update Route 53to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Take a snapshot of the ROS DB instance. Convert the snapshot to anAmazon DynamoDB global table. Create an AWS Lambda function to update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster Update the EventBridgerule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Question # 77

A company has AWS accounts that are in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company wants to track Amazon EC2 usage as a metric. The company ' s architecture

team must receive a daily alert if the EC2 usage is more than 10% higher thanthe average EC2 usage from the last 30 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Configure AWS Budgets in the organization ' s management account. Specify a usage type of EC2 running hours. Specify a daily period. Set the budget amountto be 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days from AWS Cost Explorer. Configure an alert to notify the architecture team if the usagethreshold is met.

Configure AWS Cost Anomaly Detection in the organization ' s management account. Configure a monitor type of AWS Service. Apply a filter of Amazon EC2.Configure an alert subscription to notify the architecture team if the usage is 10% more than the average usage for the last 30 days.

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor in the organization ' s management account. Configure a cost optimization advisory alert to notify the architecture team if the EC2usage is 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days.

Configure Amazon Detective in the organization ' s management account. Configure an EC2 usage anomaly alert to notify the architecture team if Detectiveidentifies a usage anomaly of more than 10%.

Question # 78

A company needs to move some on-premises Oracle databases to AWS. The company has chosen to keep some of the databases on premises for business compliance reasons. The on-premises databases contain spatial data and run cron jobs for maintenance. The company needs to connect to the on-premises systems directly from AWS to query data as a foreign table. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Create Amazon DynamoDB global tables with auto scaling enabled. Use AWS SCT and AWS DMS to move the data from on premises to DynamoDB. Create an AWS Lambda function to move the spatial data to Amazon S3. Query the data by using Amazon Athena. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule jobs in DynamoDB for maintenance. Use Amazon API Gateway for foreign table support.

Create an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Use native replication to move the data from on premises to the DB instance. Use AWS SCT to modify the SQL Server schema as needed after replication. Move the spatial data to Amazon Redshift. Use stored procedures for system maintenance. Create AWS Glue crawlers to connect to the on-premises Oracle databases for foreign table support.

Launch Amazon EC2 instances to host the Oracle databases. Place the EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use AWS Application Migration Service to move the data from on premises to the EC2 instances and for real-time bidirectional change data capture (CDC) synchronization. Use Oracle native spatial data support. Create an AWS Lambda function to run maintenance jobs as part of an AWS Step Functions workflow. Create an internet gateway for

Create an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Use AWS SCT and AWS DMS to move the data from on premises to the DB instance. Use PostgreSQL native spatial data support. Run cron jobs on the DB instance for maintenance. Use AWS Direct Connect to connect the DB instance to the on-premises environment for foreign table support.

Question # 79

A company runs payment gateways in multiple AWS Regions. The company also operates on-premises data centers where the company manages hardware security modules (HSMs) to tokenize sensitive payment data to comply with security regulations.

To process payment transactions within the company ' s performance SLA, the company requires an automated and centrally managed solution that can provide dedicated private connectivity between the on-premises HSMs and AWS payment services.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Use a centrally managed accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator to route traffic from each data center the nearest AWS Region.

Establish AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections between the data centers and AWS. Set up a centrally managed transit gateway and set appropriate routes.

Use AWS CloudHSM to tokenize the sensitive payment data. Deploy CloudHSM in the same private subnet as the payment services workload.

Set up AWS Cloud WAN with AWS Direct Connect attachments between on-premises data centers and AWS.

Answer:

Explanation:

D is correct because the requirement explicitly calls for (1) dedicated private connectivity, (2) automated and centrally managed operation, and (3) connectivity between on-premises data centers and multiple AWS Regions.

AWS Direct Connect provides dedicated private connectivity from on-premises environments to AWS. This is the key differentiator versus internet-based connectivity options when performance and consistency are required to meet strict SLAs.

AWS Cloud WAN provides centralized, policy-based management of a global network across Regions and on-premises attachments. Using Direct Connect attachments to Cloud WAN lets the company centrally define routing/segmentation policies and connect multiple data centers to multiple Regions in a consistent, automated way—well aligned to “automated and centrally managed” requirements for a multi-Region payment platform.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A (Global Accelerator) improves performance for internet-facing endpoints using Anycast and edge routing, but it does not provide private, dedicated connectivity between on-premises networks and AWS services. It is not the right tool for private HSM-to-AWS service connectivity.

B (Site-to-Site VPN + Transit Gateway) can be centrally routed with Transit Gateway, but VPN tunnels run over the public internet and are not “dedicated private connectivity.” They can be acceptable for many cases, but they do not best meet “dedicated private connectivity” and strict SLA expectations compared to Direct Connect.

C (CloudHSM) changes the architecture by moving tokenization into AWS-managed HSM infrastructure. The question states the company manages on-premises HSMs and needs private connectivity between those HSMs and AWS payment services, so replacing them with CloudHSM does not satisfy the stated connectivity requirement.

[References:, AWS Direct Connect Documentation: dedicated private connectivity from on premises to AWS; consistent network performance characteristics compared with internet-based paths, AWS Cloud WAN Documentation: centralized network management, policy-based connectivity across Regions, and support for attaching on-premises connectivity (including Direct Connect attachments), AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: centralized routing for VPC/on-prem connectivity (relevant comparison point for VPN-based designs), AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Professional (SAP-C02) Exam Guide: designing hybrid connectivity strategies, centralized network governance, and multi-Region architectures supporting strict performance requirements, , , , , , , ]

Question # 80

A company runs an application in a primary AWS Region and maintains a pilot light disaster recovery (DR) environment in a secondary Region. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled to manage its cloud environment. The company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy resources to both Regions.

During a test, the company cannot fail over to the DR Region within the company’s RTO target of 60 minutes because the DR Region’s infrastructure has experienced configuration drift. The company observes drift in security groups, AMI versions, and application configurations. The configuration drift between the two Regions causes a delay of 30 to 45 minutes to scale up to production levels.

The company needs an automated solution to prevent configuration drift so the company can fail over to the DR Region within the target RTO.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Deploy CloudFormation cross-Region stack sets in both Regions. Implement SCPs and IAM policies to restrict infrastructure modifications. Use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create AMIs and distribute them to the DR Region. Configure AWS Config rules in both Regions. Set up Amazon EventBridge rules that invoke AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks to remediate drift when drift is detected. Store application configurations in AWS Secrets Manage

Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to manage resource configurations centrally. Use AWS Lambda functions to synchronize AMIs between Regions daily. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to detect configuration changes. Use AWS CodePipeline to deploy configuration updates manually when drift is detected.

Deploy CloudFormation cross-Region stack sets in both Regions. Use SCPs to enforce configuration consistency. Use AWS Backup to replicate AMIs to the DR Region. Use AWS Config to scan for configuration drift daily. Use custom scripts to remediate configuration differences when drift is detected. Store application configurations in an Amazon S3 bucket and enable cross-Region replication to the DR Region.

Use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launch templates that have versioning enabled to maintain configuration consistency. Use AWS CloudTrail to log all configuration changes. Use AWS Health Dashboard to monitor infrastructure events. Use AWS Well-Architected Tool reviews quarterly to identify drift. Store application configurations in an Amazon S3 bucket and enable cross-Region replication to the DR Region.

Question # 81

A company developed a pilot application by using AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Java. To save costs during development, the company ' s development team deployed the application into a single-instance environment. Recent tests indicate that the application consumes more CPU than expected. CPU utilization is regularly greater than 85%, which causes some performance bottlenecks.

A solutions architect must mitigate the performance issues before the company launches the application to production.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Create a new Elastic Beanstalk application. Select a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the maximum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

Create a second Elastic Beanstalk environment. Apply the traffic-splitting deployment policy. Specify a percentage of incoming traffic to direct to the new environment in the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

Modify the existing environment ' s capacity configuration to use a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

Select the Rebuild environment action with the load balancing option Select an Availability Zones Add a scale-out rule that will run if the sum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.

Question # 82

A company is planning to migrate 1,000 on-premises servers to AWS. The servers run on several VMware clusters in the company’s data center. As part of the migration plan, the company wants to gather server metrics such as CPU details, RAM usage, operating system information, and running processes. The company then wants to query and analyze the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Deploy and configure the AWS Agentless Discovery Connector virtual appliance on the on-premises hosts. Configure Data Exploration in AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Glue to perform an ETL job against the data. Query the data by using Amazon S3 Select.

Export only the VM performance information from the on-premises hosts. Directly import the required data into AWS Migration Hub. Update any missing information in Migration Hub. Query the data by using Amazon QuickSight.

Create a script to automatically gather the server information from the on-premises hosts. Use the AWS CLI to run the put-resource-attributes command to store the detailed server data in AWS Migration Hub. Query the data directly in the Migration Hub console.

Deploy the AWS Application Discovery Agent to each on-premises server. Configure Data Exploration in AWS Migration Hub. Use Amazon Athena to run predefined queries against the data in Amazon S3.

Question # 83

A company needs a hybrid DNS architecture. The architecture must include the company’s on-premises network and a VPC. An AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection connects the VPC to the on-premises network. The company already hosts the onprem.mydc.com domain name on premises.

The company wants to host the myvpc.example.com domain name in the company’s AWS account and resolve it to the VPC. The company also needs the on-premises devices to resolve DNS queries to the myvpc.example.com domain.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? Select THREE.

Create an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for the myvpc.example.com domain. Associate the domain with the VPC.

Create an Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone for the myvpc.example.com domain. Associate the domain with the VPC.

Use Amazon Route 53 Resolver to create an inbound endpoint in the AWS Region of the VPC.

Use Amazon Route 53 Resolver to create an outbound endpoint in the AWS Region of the VPC.

Use Amazon Route 53 Resolver to create a forwarding rule for the Route 53 private hosted zone domain and IP addresses of the outbound endpoint.

Configure the on-premises DNS resolvers with a conditional forwarding rule for DNS queries for the Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone domain and IP addresses of the inbound endpoint.

Question # 84

A company uses infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a launch template to implement an EC2 Auto Scaling group to manage traffic increases. The company applies monthly security updates to all EC2 instances in place.

After a recent update that required instance reboots, the Auto Scaling group terminated the instances and launched new, unpatched instances. New instances that the Auto Scaling group launches in response to traffic load are also unpatched. The company must ensure that the Auto Scaling group launches instances that have the latest security patches.

Which combination of solutions will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Configure the Auto Scaling group termination policy to use the OldestLaunchTemplate setting.

Create a new Auto Scaling group before the next patch maintenance window. Patch and reboot instances in both Auto Scaling groups during the next maintenance window.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the Auto Scaling group. Monitor target group health after instance replacement.

Use AWS Systems Manager to automatically produce patched AMIs. Update the Auto Scaling group launch template. Initiate an instance refresh for the Auto Scaling group.

Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure termination protection for the instances.

Answer:

C, D

Explanation:

D is required because the only reliable way to ensure newly launched Auto Scaling instances are patched is to make the launch template reference an AMI that already includes the latest security updates (an immutable image approach). AWS Systems Manager can automate building and maintaining patched AMIs (for example, through automated image creation workflows), after which the launch template is updated to the new AMI and the fleet is updated using Instance Refresh. Instance Refresh performs a controlled rolling replacement of instances so that the Auto Scaling group converges to the new AMI baseline.

C complements D by ensuring safe replacement and availability during the refresh/replacement process. Placing an ALB in front of the Auto Scaling group with health checks ensures that only healthy, fully bootstrapped/patched instances receive traffic, and that traffic is drained away from instances being replaced. Monitoring target health confirms the rollout is successful and minimizes risk during patch-driven reboots or instance replacement.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A: A termination policy setting does not ensure new instances are patched. It only affects which instances are terminated first. It does not solve the “launch patched instances” requirement.

B: Running two Auto Scaling groups and continuing in-place patching increases operational overhead and still risks drift and unpatched capacity when scaling occurs outside the maintenance window. It also does not address the core issue: the launch template AMI baseline.

E: NLB + termination protection does not ensure instances are patched at launch. Termination protection can interfere with Auto Scaling’s ability to replace instances, and NLB does not inherently provide the same application-layer health check behavior and deployment safety patterns typically used for rolling replacements (compared to ALB target group health checks).

[References:, AWS Systems Manager Documentation: patching and automation capabilities; creating/maintaining updated images for fleets, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Documentation: launch templates, Instance Refresh, and rolling replacement of instances to a new AMI, Elastic Load Balancing Documentation (Application Load Balancer): target groups, health checks, and safe traffic shifting during instance replacement, AWS Well-Architected Framework (Operational Excellence / Reliability): immutable infrastructure patterns, automated fleet updates, and minimizing configuration drift, , , , ]

Question # 85

A mobile gaming company is expanding into the global market. The company ' s game servers run in the us-east-1 Region. The game ' s client application uses UDP to communicate with the game servers and needs to be able to connect to a set of static IP addresses.

The company wants its game to be accessible on multiple continents. The company also wants the game to maintain its network performance and global availability.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Provision an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the game servers. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution that has no geographical restrictions. Set the ALB as the origin. Perform DNS lookups for the cloudfront.net domain name. Use the resulting IP addresses in the game ' s client application.

Provision game servers in each AWS Region. Provision an Application Load Balancer in front of the game servers. Create an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing policy for the game ' s client application to use with DNS lookups.

Provision game servers in each AWS Region. Provision a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the game servers. Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator, and configure endpoint groups in each Region. Associate the NLBs with the corresponding Regional endpoint groups. Point the game client ' s application to the Global Accelerator endpoints.

Provision game servers in each AWS Region. Provision a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the game servers. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution that has no geographical restrictions. Set the NLB as the origin. Perform DNS lookups for the cloudfront.net domain name. Use the resulting IP addresses in the game ' s client application.

Question # 86

A company uses AWS CloudFormation to deploy applications within multiple VPCs that are all attached to a transit gateway Each VPC that sends traffic to the public internet must send the traffic through a shared services VPC Each subnet within a VPC uses the default VPC route table and the traffic is routed to the transit gateway The transit gateway uses its default route table for any VPC attachment

A security audit reveals that an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed within a VPC can communicate with an EC2 instance that is deployed in any of the company ' s other VPCs A solutions architect needs to limit the traffic between the VPCs. Each VPC must be able to communicate only with a predefined, limited set of authorized VPCs.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements ' ?

Update the network ACL of each subnet within a VPC to allow outbound traffic only to the authorized VPCs Remove all deny rules except the default deny rule.

Update all the security groups that are used within a VPC to deny outbound traffic to security groups that are used within the unauthorized VPCs

Create a dedicated transit gateway route table for each VPC attachment. Route traffic only to the authorized VPCs.

Update the mam route table of each VPC to route traffic only to the authorized VPCs through the transit gateway

Question # 87

A company needs to create and manage multiple AWS accounts for a number of departments from a central location. The security team requires read-only access to all accounts from its own AWS account. The company is using AWS Organizations and created an account for the security team.

How should a solutions architect meet these requirements?

Use the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM policy with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM policy in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM policy to gain access.

Use the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM role with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM role in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM role to gain access.

Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) lo call the AssumeRole API tor the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role in the management account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access.

Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to call the AssumeRole API for the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role in the member account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access.

Question # 88

Question:

A company is modernizing a legacy.NET Frameworkapplication backed by SQL Server. Requirements:

Containerize into microservices.

Control OS patches and storage.

Add load balancing.

Ensure high availability.Which solution meets all of these with minimal refactoring?

Use App2Container to deploy on ECS EC2 with ALB and RDS for SQL Server.

Use App2Container on ECS EC2 with NLB and Aurora MySQL.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and Aurora MySQL.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and RDS SQL Server.

Question # 89

A solutions architect is designing a solution to automatically provision new AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The solutions architect has enabled AWS Control Tower for the organization. The solution must enable security controls and create resources such as billing alarms after creating new AWS accounts. The solution must be scalable. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account

Create a new AWS account in the organization. Establish trusted access to the account by using an AWS Cloud Formation template. Enroll the new AWS account into AWS Control Tower. Deploy a blueprint to the new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower to provision resources.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Service Catalog. Configure a lifecycle event in AWS Control Tower that invokes an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template by using the AWSControlTowerExecution role.

Use Account Factory to initiate the creation of a new AWS account by using AWS Control Tower. Define a blueprint that creates resources such as billing alarms. Configure AWS Control Tower to apply the blueprint after creating the new AWS account.

Question # 90

A company has an organization that has many AWS accounts in AWS Organizations. A solutions architect must improve how the company manages common security group rules for the AWS accounts in the organization.

The company has a common set of IP CIDR ranges in an allow list in each AWS account to allow access to and from the company ' s on-premises network.

Developers within each account are responsible for adding new IP CIDR ranges to their security groups. The security team has its own AWS account. Currently, the security team notifies the owners of the other AWS accounts when changes are made to the allow list.

The solutions architect must design a solution that distributes the common set of CIDR ranges across all accounts.

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Set up an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the security team ' s AWS account. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in each AWS account. Configure the Lambda function to run every time an SNS topic receives a message. Configure the Lambda function to take an IP address as input and add it to a list of security groups in the account. Instruct the security team to distribute changes by publishing messages to its SNS topic.

Create new customer-managed prefix lists in each AWS account within the organization. Populate the prefix lists in each account with all internal CIDR ranges. Notify the owner of each AWS account to allow the new customer-managed prefix list IDs in their accounts in their security groups. Instruct the security team to share updates with each AWS account owner.

Create a new customer-managed prefix list in the security team ' s AWS account. Populate the customer-managed prefix list with all internal CIDR ranges. Share the customer-managed prefix list with the organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager. Notify the owner of each AWS account to allow the new customer-managed prefix list ID in their security groups.

Create an IAM role in each account in the organization. Grant permissions to update security groups. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in the security team ' s AWS account. Configure the Lambda function to take a list of internal IP addresses as input, assume a role in each organization account, and add the list of IP addresses to the security groups in each account.