SAP-C02 Amazon Web Services AWS Certified Solutions Architect

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

Last Update 14 hours ago Total Questions : 674

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Question # 91

A company ' s public API runs as tasks on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The tasks run on AWS Fargate behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are configured with Service Auto Scaling for the tasks based on CPU utilization. This service has been running well for several months.

Recently, API performance slowed down and made the application unusable. The company discovered that a significant number of SQL injection attacks had occurred against the API and that the API service had scaled to its maximum amount.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that prevents SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The solution must allow legitimate traffic through and must maximize operational efficiency.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

Create a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation. Add a rule in the AWS WAF Bot Control managed rule group to monitor traffic and allow only legitimate traffic to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. Set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Create a new empty IP set in AWS WAF. Add a new rule to the web ACL to block requests that originate from IP addresses in the new IP set. Create an AWS Lambda function that scrapes the API logs for IP addresses that send SQL injection attacks, and add those IP addresses to the IP set. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should create a new AWS WAF web ACL. The company should add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. The company should set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. The company should attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. This solution will meet the requirements because AWS WAF is a web application firewall that lets you monitor and control web requests that are forwarded to your web applications. You can use AWS WAF to define customizable web security rules that control which traffic can access your web applications and which traffic should be blocked1. By creating a new AWS WAF web ACL, the company can create a collection of rules that define the conditions for allowing or blocking web requests. By adding a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group, the company can prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The SQL database rule group is a managed rule group provided by AWS that contains rules to protect against common SQL injection attack patterns2. By setting the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules, the company can ensure that legitimate traffic can access the API service. By attaching the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks, the company can apply the web security rules to all requests that are forwarded by the load balancer.

The other options are not correct because:

Creating a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. AWS WAF Bot Control is a feature that gives you visibility and control over common and pervasive bot traffic that can consume excess resources, skew metrics, cause downtime, or perform other undesired activities. However, it does not protect against SQL injection attacks, which are malicious attempts to execute unauthorized SQL statements against your database3.

Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. Monitoring mode is a feature that enables you to evaluate how your rules would perform without actually blocking any requests. However, this mode does not provide any protection against attacks, as it only logs and counts requests that match your rules4.

Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL and creating a new empty IP set in AWS WAF would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. An IP set is a feature that enables you to specify a list of IP addresses or CIDR blocks that you want to allow or block based on their source IP address. However, this approach would not be effective or efficient against SQL injection attacks, as it would require constantly updating the IP set with new IP addresses of attackers, and it would not block attackers who use proxies or VPNs.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/waf/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/aws-managed-rule-groups-list.html#sql-injection-rule-group, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/waf-bot-control.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/web-acl-monitoring-mode.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/waf-ip-sets.html, , , , , , , ]

Question # 92

Question:

How should a companyefficiently processinfrequently uploaded S3 data using a long-running (up to 25 minutes) custom application?

ECS on Fargate triggered by EventBridge

Lambda in Step Functions with 30-min timeout

ECS with EC2 and Glue crawler

Lambda triggered by fan-out HTTP EventBridge logic

Question # 93

A solutions architect has developed a web application that uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoint and an AWS Lambda function. The consumers of the web application are all close to the AWS Region where the application will be deployed. The Lambda function only queries an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. The solutions architect has configured the database to have three read replicas.

During testing, the application does not meet performance requirements. Under high load, the application opens a large number of database connections. The solutions architect must improve the application ' s performance.

Which actions should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Use the cluster endpoint of the Aurora database.

Use RDS Proxy to set up a connection pool to the reader endpoint of the Aurora database.

Use the Lambda Provisioned Concurrency feature.

Move the code for opening the database connection in the Lambda function outside of the event handler.

Change the API Gateway endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint.

Question # 94

A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts Due to regulatory requirements, the company wants to restrict specific member accounts to certain AWS Regions, where they are permitted to deploy resources The resources in the accounts must be tagged enforced based on a group standard and centrally managed with minimal configuration.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements ' ?

Create an AWS Config rule in the specific member accounts to limit Regions and apply a tag policy.

From the AWS Billing and Cost Management console in the management account, disable Regions for the specific member accounts and apply a tag policy on the root.

Associate the specific member accounts with the root Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions.

Associate the specific member accounts with a new OU. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions.

Question # 95

A solutions architect needs to review the design of an Amazon EMR cluster that is using the EMR File System (EMRFS). The cluster performs tasks that are critical to business needs. The cluster is running Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances at all times tor all task, primary, and core nodes. The EMR tasks run each morning, starting at 1 ;00 AM. and take 6 hours to finish running. The amount of time to complete the processing is not a priority because the data is not referenced until late in the day.

The solutions architect must review the architecture and suggest a solution to minimize the compute costs.

Which solution should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Launch all task, primary, and core nodes on Spool Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed.

Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.

Continue to launch all nodes on On-Demand Instances. Terminate the cluster, including all instances, when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage

Launch the primary and core nodes on On-Demand Instances. Launch the task nodes on Spot Instances in an instance fleet. Terminate only the task node instances when the processing is completed. Purchase Compute Savings Plans to cover the On-Demand Instance usage.

Question # 96

A company has a data lake in Amazon S3 that needs to be accessed by hundreds of applications across many AWS accounts. The company ' s information security policy states that the S3 bucket must not be accessed over the public internet and that each application should have the minimum permissions necessary to function.

To meet these requirements, a solutions architect plans to use an S3 access point that is restricted to specific VPCs for each application.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to implement this solution? (Select TWO.)

Create an S3 access point for each application in the AWS account that owns the S3 bucket. Configure each access point to be accessible only from the application ' s VPC. Update the bucket policy to require access from an access point.

Create an interface endpoint for Amazon S3 in each application ' s VPC. Configure the endpoint policy to allow access to an S3 access point. Create a VPC gateway attachment for the S3 endpoint.

Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3 in each application ' s VPC. Configure the endpoint policy to allow access to an S3 access point. Specify the route table that is used to access the access point.

Create an S3 access point for each application in each AWS account and attach the access points to the S3 bucket. Configure each access point to be accessible only from the application ' s VPC. Update the bucket policy to require access from an access point.

Create a gateway endpoint for Amazon S3 in the data lake ' s VPC. Attach an endpoint policy to allow access to the S3 bucket. Specify the route table that is used to access the bucket.

Question # 97

A car rental company has built a serverless REST API to provide data to its mobile app. The app consists of an Amazon API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint, AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless DB cluster. The company recently opened the API to mobile apps of partners. A significant increase in the number of requests resulted, causing sporadic database memory errors. Analysis of the API traffic indicates that clients are making multiple HTTP GET requests for the same queries in a short period of time. Traffic is concentrated during business hours, with spikes around holidays and other events.

The company needs to improve its ability to support the additional usage while minimizing the increase in costs associated with the solution.

Which strategy meets these requirements?

Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage.

Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cache to store the results of the database calls. Modify the Lambda functions to use the cache.

Modify the Aurora Serverless DB cluster configuration to increase the maximum amount of available memory.

Enable throttling in the API Gateway production stage. Set the rate and burst values to limit the incoming calls.

Question # 98

A company has a new application that needs to run on five Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. The application requires high-through put. low-latency network connections between all to the EC2 instances where the application will run. There is no requirement for the application to be fault tolerant.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Launch five new EC2 instances into a cluster placement group. Ensure that the EC2instance type supports enhanced networking.

Launch five new EC2 instances into an Auto Scaling group in the same Availability Zone. Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance.

Launch five new EC2 instances into a partition placement group. Ensure that the EC2 instance type supports enhanced networking.

Launch five new EC2 instances into a spread placement group Attach an extra elastic network interface to each EC2 instance.

Question # 99

A company processes environment data. The has a set up sensors to provide a continuous stream of data from different areas in a city. The data is available in JSON format.

The company wants to use an AWS solution to send the data to a database that does not require fixed schemas for storage. The data must be send in real time.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehouse to send the data to Amazon Redshift.

Use Amazon Kinesis Data streams to send the data to Amazon DynamoDB.

Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to send the data to Amazon Aurora.

Use Amazon Kinesis Data firehouse to send the data to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra).

Question # 100

Question:

An application uses CloudFront, App Runner, and two S3 buckets — one for static assets and one for user-uploaded content. User content is infrequently accessed after 30 days. Users are located only in Europe.

How can the companyoptimize cost?

Expire S3 objects after 30 days.

Transition S3 content toGlacier Deep Archiveafter 30 days.

Use Spot Instances with App Runner.

Add auto scaling to Aurora read replica.

UseCloudFront Price Class 200(Europe and U.S. only).

Question # 101

A company is rearchitecting its applications to run on AWS. The company ' s infrastructure includes multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company ' s development team needs different levels of access. The company wants to implement a policy that requires all Windows EC2 instances to be joined to an Active Directory domain on AWS. The company also wants to Implement enhanced security processes such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). The company wants to use managed AWS services wherever possible.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an EC2 instance. Connect to and use the EC2 instance for domain security configuration tasks.

Create an AWS Directory Service Simple AD implementation. Launch an Amazon Workspace. Connect to and use the Workspace for domain security configuration tasks.

Question # 102

A company has registered 10 new domain names. The company uses the domains for online marketing. The company needs a solution that will redirect online visitors to a specific URL for each domain. All domains and target URLs are defined in a JSON document. All DNS records are managed by Amazon Route 53.

A solutions architect must implement a redirect service that accepts HTTP and HTTPS requests.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational effort? (Choose three.)

Create a dynamic webpage that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. Configure the webpage to use the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.

Create an Application Load Balancer that includes HTTP and HTTPS listeners.

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.

Use an Amazon API Gateway API with a custom domain to publish an AWS Lambda function.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Deploy a Lambda@Edge function.

Create an SSL certificate by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Include the domains as Subject Alternative Names.

Question # 103

A company needs to improve the security of its web application on AWS. The application runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind a public Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The ALB is registered as a custom origin in an Amazon CloudFront distribution.

The company wants customers to access the website by using a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that is associated with the CloudFront distribution. A security audit shows that the ALB can be accessed directly and that some requests bypass the CloudFront distribution.

The company needs a solution that will prevent direct access to the ALB. The solution also must ensure that all requests pass through the CloudFront distribution.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Modify the security group that is attached to the ALB to allow incoming traffic from only the CloudFront distribution’s origin.

Configure the CloudFront distribution to use an AWS WAF web ACL to block requests that bypass the CloudFront distribution.

Add a security header to the CloudFront distribution. Implement header validation and enforcement at the ALB.

Configure an origin access control (OAC) for the CloudFront distribution. Update the ALB to allow only requests that come from the OAC.

Question # 104

A company is migrating its development and production workloads to a new organization in AWS Organizations. The company has created a separate member account for development and a separate member account for production. Consolidated billing is linked to the management account. In the management account, a solutions architect needs to create an 1AM user that can stop or terminate resources in both member accounts.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Create an IAM user and a cross-account role in the management account. Configure the cross-account role with least privilege access to the member accounts.

Create an IAM user in each member account. In the management account, create a cross-account role that has least privilege access. Grant the IAM users access to the cross-account role by using a trust policy.

Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create an IAM group that has least privilege access. Add the IAM user from the management account to each IAM group in the member accounts.

Create an IAM user in the management account. In the member accounts, create cross-account roles that have least privilege access. Grant the IAM user access to the roles by using a trust policy.

Question # 105

A company has VPC flow logs enabled for its NAT gateway. The company is seeing Action = ACCEPT for inbound traffic that comes from public IP address

198.51.100.2 destined for a private Amazon EC2 instance.

A solutions architect must determine whether the traffic represents unsolicited inbound connections from the internet. The first two octets of the VPC CIDR block are 203.0.

Which set of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?

Open the AWS CloudTrail console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway ' s elastic network interface and the private instance ' s elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as " like 203.0 " and the source address set as " like 198.51.100.2 " . Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.

Open the Amazon CloudWatch console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway ' s elastic network interface and the private instance ' s elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as " like 203.0 " and the source address set as " like 198.51.100.2 " . Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.

Open the AWS CloudTrail console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway ' s elastic network interface and the private instance ' s elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as " like 198.51.100.2 " and the source address set as " like 203.0 " . Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.

Open the Amazon CloudWatch console. Select the log group that contains the NAT gateway ' s elastic network interface and the private instance ' s elastic network interface. Run a query to filter with the destination address set as " like 198.51.100.2 " and the source address set as " like 203.0 " . Run the stats command to filter the sum of bytes transferred by the source address and the destination address.