Tidal-based electrical production is eligible for the Energy and Atmosphere Credit, Renewable Energy Production. This credit rewards projects that use renewable energy systems to offset building energy cost. According to the LEED v4 BD+C Reference Guide, renewable energy systems are defined as “those that use resources that are naturally replenished within a 100-year or shorter cycle and that are greenhouse gas neutral on an annual basis” 1 . Tidal-based electrical production meets this definition, as it uses the ki netic energy of the tides to generate electricity without emitting greenhouse gases. The other options are not eligible for this credit, as ground-source heat pumps are not considered renewable energy systems, municipal solid waste combustion is not greenhouse gas neutral, and passive solar and daylighting strategies do not offset building energy cost.

For the building to receive one point for Location and Transportation Credit, Green Vehicles, the rate for green vehicles must be 80% less than the regular parking rate. Therefore, if the discounted parking rate is $450 per month, the rate for green vehicles must be $90 per month (20% of $450).

Incorporating precipitation sensors with smart irrigation controllers (C) maximizes irrigation efficiency by adjusting water usage according to real-time weather data and soil moisture levels, reducing unnecessary irrigation during rainfall. This LEED strategy helps conserve water and supports the Water Efficiency (WE) Credit: Outdoor Water Use Reduction . Fixed rates (A), timers (B), and overlapping sprinkler heads (D) do not optimize water based on environmental conditions, leading to possible water waste.

Detailed Explanation:

To earn 5 points under the Materials and Resources (MR) Credit for Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction, at least 50% of the surface area of the existing building structure and envelope must be reused. This strategy preserves the embodied energy in the building materials, reducing the environmental impact of new material extraction, processing, and transportation, which is a core focus of LEED ' s sustainable building strategies.

According to the LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, the 40/60 rule provides guidance for making a decision when several rating systems appear to be appropriate for a project. To use this rule, first assign a rating system to each square foot or square meter of the building, and then choose the most appropriate rating system based on the resulting percentages. The entire gross floor area of a LEED project must be certified under a single rating system and is subject to all prerequisites and attempted credits in that rating system, regardless of mixed construction or space u sage type. If a rating system is appropriate for less than 40% of the gross floor area of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should not be used. If a rating system is appropriate for more than 60% of the gross floor area of a LEED project building or space, then that rating system should be used. If an appropriate rating system falls between 40% and 60% of the gross floor area, project teams must independently assess their situation and decide which rating system is most applicable 1 . References : LEED v4: Building Design + Construction Guide, LEED Rating System Selection Guidance 1

ASHRAE 90.1-2010 is the reference standard used to determine compliance with the Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite, Minimum Energy Performance when the whole building energy modeling option is used. This prerequisite requires demonstrating a 5% improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared to the baseline building performance rating per ASHRAE 90.1-2010, Appendix G 1 . The baseline building performance rating is based on a building design that meets the minimum requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 2 . References :

Prerequisite: Minimum energy performance | U.S. Green Building Council

Minimum Energy Performance - ASHRAE 90.1 - 2010

Food gardens may be included or excluded from the calculations for Water Efficiency Credit, Outdoor Water Use Reduction, as per the project team’s discretion. If included, food gardens must be calculated using 100% potable water. If excluded, food gardens must be irrigated with 100% captured rainwater, recycled graywater, or water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for nonpotable uses. References :

Outdoor Water Use Reduction credit in LEED BD+C: New Construction v4.1 - LEED v4.1 1

LEED v4 BD+C WE Guide 2

The outdoor airflow rate is the amount of outdoor air that is supplied to the building by the ventilation system to dilute indoor air pollutants and provide fresh air for the occupants.  The outdoor airflow rate depends on the ventilation standard that the project follows, which can be either ASHRAE 62.1-2010 or CEN Standard EN 15251-2007 1 . Both standards specify the minimum outdoor airflow rate per person and per unit area for different occupancy types and zones. Therefore, increasing the number of occupants will require an increase in the outdoor airflow rate to maintain the minimum ventilation level. The other variables, such as supply air velocity, system ventilation efficiency, and supply air temperature set point, do not directly affect the outdoor airflow rate, although they may influence the energy consumption and thermal comfort of the ventilation system.

The strategy that will contribute toward the Interior Cross-Contamination Prevention strategy in Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies is to provide a ventilation system specifically for the laundry facility that has no recirculating air. This is because the laundry facility is a space where hazardous gases or chemicals may be present or used, such as detergents, bleach, or fabric softeners. According to the LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, the project must " sufficiently exhaust each space where hazardous gases or chemicals may be present or used (e.g., garages, housekeeping and laundry areas, copying and printing rooms), using the exhaust rates determined in EQ Prerequisite Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance or a minimum of 0.50 cfm per square foot (2.54 l/s per square meter), to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces when the doors to the room are closed. For each of these spaces, provide self-closing doors and deck-to-deck partitions or a hard-lid ceiling. " 1 Therefore, option D is the correct answer. The other options will not prevent cross-contamination from the laundry facility to the locker rooms. Relocating the laundry facility to the basement (option A) may reduce the exposure of the occupants to the laundry chemicals, but it will not eliminate the possibility of cross-contamination to other spaces in the basement. Naturally ventilating the laundry space per ASHRAE 62.1-2010 (option B) may not provide sufficient exhaust to create negative pressure and pre vent cross-contamination, especially if the outdoor air quality is poor or the natural ventilation is not well designed. Installing particle filters, with a MERV of 13 or higher or F7 (option C) may improve the air quality in the laundry space, but it will not prevent the hazardous gases or chemicals from escaping to the adjacent spaces through the ventilation system or the gaps in the doors or ceiling. References : LEED v4 Reference Guide for Building Design and Construction, p. 688 1 ; ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, Section 6.2.5 2

Decreasing lighting power is a strategy that can be used to reduce the internal load of a building. Internal load is the amount of heat generated within a building by its occupants, equipment, and lighting 1 . Reducing lighting power can lower the internal heat gain and thus decrease the cooling demand and energy consumption of the building 2 . Other strategies to reduce internal load include using energy-efficient appliances, natural ventilation, daylighting, occupancy sensors, and shading devices 3 . References :

8.1: Internal Loads - Engineering LibreTexts

Chapter 3: Design Loads for Residential Buildings - HUD User

Internal Heat Gain - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics