It tests uni-directional or round-trip in-band connectivity.

It tests the reachability of hosts that are using an SDP.

It tests the reachability of the far-end IP address of an SDP through its tunnel.

It can be used by specifying only an SDP ID.

sap 1/1/1

sap 1/1/1:*

sap 1/1/1:0

sap 1/1/1:1

By default, the VC ID on the mesh SDPs of a VPLS are set to the service ID.

A VPLS appears to the customer as a direct Ethernet connection.

Mesh SDPs are used for VPLSes to avoid loops.

By default, T-LDP is used for signaling service labels.

ping static 10.5.5.5

ping static 0.0.0.0/0

ping 10.5.5.5

ping 0.0.0.0

From the last 32 bits of the chassis MAC address

From the first 32 bits of the chassis MAC address

The loopback IP address

By using the command " config router ospf rid X.X.X.X "

From the system IP address

From the highest interface IP address

All services bound to the same SDP must be the same service type.

All services bound to the same SDP will have the same transport encapsulation.

Any operation on an SDP will affect all services bound to that SDP.

An SDP is used to direct traffic for a service from one router to another.

A separate label is used for each interface that the FEC is advertised on.

It uses fewer label resources than a per-interface label space.

It is typically used when the device has ATM or Frame Relay interfaces.

It uses more label resources than a per-interface label space.

A single label may be assigned to an FEC and used across all interfaces of the same router.

It is only valid when the LDP peers are directly connected over an interface, and the label is only going to be used for traffic sent over that interface.

Show ospf neighbors

Show router ospf neighbors

Show router ospf adjacency

Show ospf adjacency

0

5

10

15

The system ID

The loopback address

The sequence number of the hello packet

The device that first initiated communication becomes the DIS

Use split horizon by default.

Send information about directly connected links to neighbors at periodic intervals.

Use holddown timers when topologies change to allow for convergence.

Maintain multiple databases: neighbor, topology and routing.

One.

One for each of the routers in area 0

One for each of the external routes exported by router R1.

Type 4 LSAs are not generated in this network topology.

OSPF

RIPv1

RIPv2

IS-IS

Routers R1 and R2 are in different areas.

Routers R1 and R2 are in the same area.

Routers R1 and R2 will send a Level 1 Hello PDU and Level 2 Hello PDU, if the interface type between them is point-to-point.

Routers R1 and R2 will send a Level 1 Hello PDU and Level 2 Hello PDU, if the interface type between them is broadcast.

Routers R1 and R2 will send a Level 1/2 Hello PDU if the interface type between them is broadcast.

Initializing

Up

Down

2-Way

There is nothing wrong with this filter

The filter should be applied to the ingress and not the egress.

The mask cannot be a " / " value, it must be in dotted decimal.

All traffic is being blocked

Source IP address

TCP source port

Prefix list

Protocol type

Broadcast

Non-Broadcast Multi-Access

Point-to-Point

Point-to-Multipoint

Router R2 does not have a route to the system address of router R1 and therefore cannot respond to the ping.

There is no default route configured on the PC.

Router R2 does not have a route configured to the PC.

Router R1 needs to be configured with a default route.

Not so stubby areas

Level1 area WC

Stub areas

Partially stubby areas

Level 2 areas