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Question # 4

All of the following factors contribute to the instability of agricultural prices except which ONE?

A.

Agricultural products have low price elasticities of supply

B.

Output is affected by non-controllable factors such as climate

C.

Supply decisions are based on the prices of the present time period

D.

Markets have a low price elasticity of demand

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Question # 5

Which of the following is not likely to result from a fall in the rate of interest?

A.

Increased consumption

B.

Increased investment

C.

A higher exchange rate

D.

An increase in aggregate demand

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Question # 6

Which ONE of the following would appear as a debit item on a country's balance of payments current account?

A.

Overseas investment by a domestic multinational company

B.

Expenditure in the country by an overseas visitor

C.

A flow of company profits to the parent company based in another country

D.

Payment by an overseas company for services provided in the country

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Question # 7

As the process of globalization increases, typical businesses will

A.

Depend more and more on their domestic markets.

B.

Have to raise more capital from internal sources.

C.

Have less need to increase their international competitiveness.

D.

Be more and more affected by changes in exchange rates.

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Question # 8

Which of the following is most likely to lead an economy to suffer high unemployment?

A.

Withdrawals exceeding injections

B.

Aggregate demand exceeding aggregate supply

C.

Injections exceeding withdrawals

D.

A fiscal deficit

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Question # 9

All of the following are features of an economic union (for example, the European union) except which one?

A.

A fixed exchange rate relative to non union currencies.

B.

Free movement of goods and services between member states.

C.

A common external tariff.

D.

Free movement of factors of production between member states.

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Question # 10

Which of the following is not taken into account by the discount factor applied to future earnings when calculating shareholder value?

A.

Shareholders rate of time preference for money

B.

The amount of earnings that will be lost as taxation

C.

The amount of risk the investment is subject to

D.

The rate of inflation

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Question # 11

Which global financial institution is responsible for providing stabilization funding to assist developed and developing countries with short term borrowing needs and needs for foreign currency?

A.

The IMF

B.

The World Bank

C.

The World Trade Organization

D.

The G20

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Question # 12

Inflation is undesirable for all of the following reasons except which one?

A.

Inflation decreases the international competitiveness of the business sector.

B.

Inflation distorts the price system and the process of resource allocation.

C.

Inflation shifts wealth from debtors to creditors in an arbitrary fashion.

D.

Inflation makes business forecasting and planning more difficult.

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Question # 13

Part of a country's unemployment figures will consist of people moving between jobs. Which type of unemployment is this?

A.

Structural unemployment

B.

Cyclical (or demand deficient) unemployment

C.

Frictional unemployment

D.

Real wage unemployment

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Question # 14

West Morton Rail has calculated that the number of passengers travelling on their railway increases during school holidays, while the inverse is true for most other railways in the country.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for this unusual correlation?

A.

West Morton Rail is a heritage railway, meaning it will receive more passengers as rates of tourism increase during the school holidays

B.

West Morton Rail is situated in a town where there are very few schools

C.

West Morton Rail has a special discount for passengers using their service during the school holidays

D.

West Morton Rail receives less revenue than other railway services

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Question # 15

All of the following could cause the onset of a recession except which one?

A.

A significant appreciation of the exchange rate

B.

A decline in business investment

C.

A significant fall in personal savings rates

D.

An increase in the government budget deficit

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Question # 16

Which of the following best defines a fiscal policy?

A.

A policy that increases government spending to increase national income

B.

A policy which seeks to influence the economy through manipulation of government spending and taxation

C.

A policy aimed at influencing the level of aggregate demand in the economy

D.

A policy which controls inflation by controlling the amount of money in the economy

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Question # 17

The government has set a maximum house price due to a massive house price rise in the last decade. This is denoted by the line Q1Q2 on the graph.

Which of the following may occur in light of the introduction of the maximum house price as it appears on the graph?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

There will be a shortage of housing supply in Lingford.

B.

A 'black market' may develop in housing, meaning the maximum price is ignored.

C.

There will be a surplus of housing supply in Lingford.

D.

Landowners will continue to build residential properties at the same rate as before the maximum price was implemented.

E.

It is not likely that the maximum house price will need some sort of reform in the near future.

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Question # 18

Beth wants to take out an annuity in order to be able to leave more money to her children when she passes away. She has looked at three annuities with different payout rates.

Annuity A pays out £5340 each year over 14 years

Annuity B pays out £4900 each year over 9 years

Annuity C pays out £5445.64 each year over 20 years

The current interest rate is 8%.

Of these, which annuity would have the highest net present value and hence pay out more money for Beth over its lifetime?

A.

£53,460.10

B.

£44,024.23

C.

£30,609.75

D.

£60,455.63

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Question # 19

Brilliant Buys Local is a subsidiary of Brilliant Buys, and operates a number of smaller stores in local neighbourhoods.

The managing director of Brilliant Buys Local, Mr Davidson, has been given a scatter diagram with sales of each store based on the size of the local population.

Which of the following options outlines the best ways to interpret this diagram in this context?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

Use Pearson's coefficient to accurately draw a line of best fit

B.

Draw a line of best fit by eye and estimate how much of a correlation there is between store sales and population

C.

Rearrange the data points on the scatter diagram so that it shows any correlation more clearly

D.

Use the diagram to interpret that two of the stores with the highest sales are in areas with a medium-sized population

E.

Use the diagram to interpret that the store with the lowest sales was in an area with a population of 5000

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Question # 20

PetsPlus Pic. has outsourced its marketing operations to the recently established marketing firm MarketMe. MarketMe has devised and distributed an online survey on behalf of PetsPlus Pic, asking customers to

evaluate the products they purchase from the company.

An example of a question from the survey is as follows:

'What do you think of PetsPlus's decision to outsource its marketing operations to a marketing firm?

Which of the following best describes why this question will not yield good information for PetsPlus?

A.

Relevance

B.

Accuracy

C.

Reliability

D.

Cost efficiency

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Question # 21

Which of the following is an example of fiscal policy?

A.

The central bank imposing controls on bank lending

B.

The removal of foreign exchange controls which restrict the transfer of currencies between countries

C.

The removal of regulations which restrict Sunday trading

D.

The creation of tax-exempt savings accounts to encourage savings

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Question # 22

i-Songs is about to launch a service that sells downloaded music and video files. Downloads have MC = 0 . Which ONE of the following would maximize i-Songs' profits?

A.

Sell as many downloads as possible

B.

Increase download sales to the point where price elasticity of demand = 1

C.

Produce add- ons that have a marginal cost in order to charge a price

D.

Do not produce in order to avoid losses

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Question # 23

Oxfam is a charity established to provide aid to the poor. Which ONE of the following statements about Oxfam is FALSE?

A.

It is a private sector organization

B.

It pursues social goals

C.

It is a not-for-profit organization

D.

It is responsible to its shareholders

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Question # 24

Which of the following would lead to an increase in a firm's share price?

A.

Management announces that profits are still rising in line with the forecasts in its published 5 year plan

B.

Management announces that profits will be higher than had previously been forecast

C.

A rise in the rate of interest available from investing in government securities

D.

Management announces that new laws on working conditions have forced them to close a profitable factory earlier than had been expected

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Question # 25

Based on historical time series data, a chemicals company uses sales ($million) as the y variable and time (year) as the x variable and equation.

y = - 3935 47 + 2 02x

Using the equation, what is the company's predicted sales for the year 2020? Give your answer to the nearest million.

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Question # 26

The term 'financial intermediation' refers to the role of:

A.

commercial banks m providing credit facilities for customers

B.

banks in providing business customers with access to financial markets

C.

the financial system in linking net savers with net borrowers.

D.

central banks as providers of liquidity to the banking system

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Question # 27

A business has a short-term problem with its payments exceeding its receipts. Which TWO of the following would be appropriate for meeting this financial shortfall?

A.

A bank overdraft

B.

A bill of exchange

C.

A mortgage

D.

Issuing shares

E.

A leasing arrangement

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Question # 28

Public goods are usually provided by the government because:

A.

individual users do not have sufficient knowledge to appreciate their importance.

B.

individual users do not have sufficient incentives to privately fund their provision.

C.

individual users do not have sufficient bargaining power to secure a low price.

D.

individual users do not have sufficient funds to purchase them

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Question # 29

Which of the following organisational arrangements is an example of a multinational corporation (MNC)?

A.

An insurance company based in Country E opens a sales office in Country F in order to service the local market

B.

A music production company based in Country C signs a contract with an artist's management company based in Country D.

C.

A retailer based in Country G uses an online retail platform in order to sell goods to customers in Country H.

D.

A chain of restaurants based in Country B signs a franchise agreement with a company that intends to open restaurants in Country A.

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Question # 30

If country A imposes a quota on imports from country B, what is the direct effect of the quota?

A.

The price of imports into country A will rise

B.

The price of imports into country A will fall

C.

The quantity of imports into country A will fall

D.

The quantity of imports into country A will rise

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Question # 31

Which of the following is correct in regards to organisations?

Organisations achieve more than individuals can achieve on their own because they enable people to

(1) share skills and knowledge

(2) maximise individuals' interests.

(3) specialise

(4) pool resources

A.

(1), (2)and(3)

B.

(2), (3) and (4)

C.

(1),(2)and(4)

D.

(1), (3) and (4)

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Question # 32

A research business compiles the following data for Country D over 8 years:

* Household expenditure, y (in millions of constant 20X6 dollars);

* The number of fixed broadband internet subscribers, x (in thousands).

Based on this information the following regression model is developed:

y = 332668 * 45.8x - 0 003x2

Which of the following statements is correct?

A.

The model is based on historical data, so it is of little use in making forecasts

B.

1 percent increase in the number of fixed broadband internet subscribers will lead to 0 3 percent increase in household final consumption expenditure.

C.

A non-linear relationship is suggested by the model between household final consumption expenditure and the number of fixed broadband internet subscribers.

D.

The model makes accurate forecasts on household final consumption expenditure in Country and therefore it should be widely applied to most countries and regions.

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Question # 33

Which of the following is an example of an indirect tax?

A.

Corporation tax

B.

Income tax

C.

Inheritance tax

D.

Sales tax

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Question # 34

Which TWO of the following policy actions might be available to a government that wishes to reduce a deficit in the balance of payments?

A.

Devaluate the exchange rate in order to increase exports.

B.

Increase the money supply in order to stimulate domestic consumption.

C.

Appreciate the exchange rate in order to reduce imports.

D.

Reduce the interest rate in order to stimulate investment.

E.

Introduce tariffs on imported goods in order to favour domestic producers.

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Question # 35

A company currently sells 10,000 bottles of "bright pink" nail varnish every year at $5 per bottle If the price is reduced to $4.50 per bottle it is expected that the company will sell an extra 2,000 bottles

What is the price elasticity of demand of the nail varnish?

A.

-2.0

B.

+2.0

C.

-0.5

D.

+0.5

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Question # 36

The following table shows the profits of a business and an index of the general price level for 4 years

How does the level of real (inflation adjusted) profits in 20X4 compare to those of 20X1 ?

A.

+ $l8m

B.

+ $12.5m

C.

+ S3m

D.

+ $0-6m

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Question # 37

The following table reports are for five hotels belonging to the same hotel chain, the rank in terms of sales performance (with 1 - best average score obtained in customer reviews, and the rank in terms of average score from customer reviews (with 1 = best average ..

Calculate the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient to one decimal place:

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Question # 38

Commercial banks can create credit because:

A.

central banks are 'lenders of last resort' and provide commercial banks with cash when needed

B.

banks are required to hold enough capital to meet bad debts.

C.

banks hold accounts at the central bank which are available as cash.

D.

customers only want some of their deposits in the form of cash in any given period.

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Question # 39

If a group of countries have adopted:

(i). Free trade in goods and services between member states,

(ii). Free movement of capital and labor between member states,

(iii). A common external tariff policy,

This would be an example of a(n)

A.

free trade area

B.

customs union

C.

common (or single) market

D.

economic union

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Question # 40

The euro currency market is

A.

Markets within the European Union where foreign currencies are bought and sold.

B.

The market for the single European currency, the euro.

C.

The market for bank deposits denominated in a currency other than that of the country where the bank is located.

D.

The market for bank deposits which can be switched into any other currency at 24 hours notice.

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Question # 41

All of the financial instruments are traded on the long term capital market except one. Which ONE is the exception?

A.

Shares

B.

Certificate deposit

C.

Government undated stock

D.

Long dated bonds

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Question # 42

What is meant by a 'Eurobond'?

A.

A bond denominated in Euros

B.

A bond issued to markets anywhere in Europe

C.

A bond denominated in a currency that differs from the domestic currency of the country where the bond was issued

D.

A bond issued by the European Central Bank

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Question # 43

Other things remaining equal, which one of the following is likely to increase as a result of the sale by the central bank of a large quantity of government bonds?

A.

The quantity of money

B.

The yield of government bonds

C.

The liquid reserves of banks

D.

The price of government bonds

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Question # 44

Regulatory offices have been established after the privatization of some nationalized industries because

A.

some industries retain significant monopoly power

B.

the number of new producers entering the industry must be controlled

C.

these privatized industries produce public goods

D.

government regulations make monopolies in the private sector illegal.

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Question # 45

What is described by the following definition 'the total accumulated amount the state owes to lenders in its own country and internationally'?

A.

The national debt

B.

The fiscal deficit

C.

The balance of payments deficit

D.

The structural deficit

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Question # 46

All of the following are appropriate policies to deal with the problem of industries which cause pollution except which one?

A.

Taxes on the consumption of the product

B.

Subsidies to the producers

C.

The auctioning of pollution permits

D.

Legal controls to limit pollution levels

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Question # 47

A country's currency depreciates (falls) on the foreign exchange market. All of the following would be the effects of this on businesses within the country except which one?

A.

Businesses would lose income from each export as their export prices would fall.

B.

Businesses would face higher costs as prices of imported goods rose.

C.

Businesses would more easily compete with imported substitutes for their products.

D.

Businesses could keep the foreign exchange price of their exports constant and expand their profit margins.

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Question # 48

Which of the following is not a source of long-term capital for a company?

A.

Retained profits

B.

Dividends

C.

Term loans

D.

Issuing corporate bonds

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Question # 49

Which of the functions of a financial intermediary is described by the following statement 'Bundles small deposits of liquidity into larger loans'?

A.

Aggregation

B.

Risk management

C.

Maturity transformation

D.

Introducing borrows and lenders

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Question # 50

All of the following are examples of not-for-profit organizations except one. Which ONE is the exception?

A.

Mutual savings societies

B.

Charities

C.

Partnerships

D.

Trade Unions

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Question # 51

Central banks fulfill all of the following functions except which?

A.

Holder of bank accounts on behalf of the commercial banks

B.

Lender of liquidity to the commercial banks

C.

Provider of capital and liquidity to the government

D.

Chief advisor to government on taxation policy

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Question # 52

Which of the following provide possible explanations for the existence of a structure of interest rates?

(i). Borrowers having different risk profiles

(ii). Lenders wishing to lend for different time profiles

(iii). The market for loanable funds being perfectly competitive

(iv). The existence of margins between borrowing and lending rates

A.

(i) and (iv) only

B.

(ii) and (iii) only

C.

(i), (ii) and (iv) only

D.

(i), (ii) and (iii) only

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Question # 53

Governments provide public goods, such as street lighting, because

A.

private business providers would exploit consumers and make excess profits

B.

it would be an unprofitable activity for private business because of the free-rider problem

C.

governments are more efficient producers of such goods

D.

there are significant external costs in the production process

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Question # 54

Vencia has recently been faced with international condemnation due to its tendency to engage in 'dirty floating'. This is combined with high interest rates as well as underdeveloped industries.

What would likely be the result of these conditions on Vencia's trade?

A.

A lack of investment from businesses in the long-term

B.

Some investment in the short-term due to high interest rates

C.

Other countries responding to Vencia's 'dirty floating' in a protectionist manner

D.

The Bank of Vencia buying treasury bonds to loosen its monetary policy

E.

The government of Vencia increasing its VAT and basic rate of income tax further

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Question # 55

The management of Pennyfarthing's Toy Bazaar requires financial advice, but is unsure of which type of bank to approach to acquire this. The company receives a profit of £1,000,000 a year, and currently operates in

Europe and North America.

Which of the following reasons explains why Pennyfarthings Toy Bazaar should use a wholesale bank?

A.

It has a profit of £100,000

B.

It has international operations

C.

It uses the Alternative Investment Market

D.

It has issued new shares to members of the public

E.

It is a medium-sized business

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Question # 56

Brian has 80 bonds with a total market value of £2400. The interest rate on these bonds is 2.34%.

Using these figures, which of the following is the running yield of each of Brian's bonds?

A.

8.87%

B.

8.86%

C.

8.9%

D.

8.83%

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Question # 57

Which of the following are reasons why the principal-agent problem is so critical for businesses? Select ALL that apply.

A.

It limits the control of one layer of management over another

B.

It can lead to dubious managerial practices within the company

C.

It leads to higher profits which ultimately benefit a business

D.

Higher sales means the business will perform well regardless of managerial practice

E.

Co-ordination needs to be good in order for multiple layers of management to function well

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Question # 58

Peter holds his current and savings accounts with Western Mutual.

Which of the following is a benefit that Peter should expect to enjoy from possessing accounts with Western Mutual?

A.

As a mutual organisation, Western Mutual will prioritise Peter's welfare over profits to be made

B.

Peter will receive dividends from Western Mutual as he possesses accounts there

C.

Peter will be able to make key decisions about Western Mutual as one of their customers

D.

External shareholders in the organisation will be prioritised above Peter

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Question # 59

Government X has just increased taxes in order to limit spending and hence demand.

Which of the following is most likely to have been the cause of this fiscal policy?

A.

An inflationary gap, where demand outstrips output

B.

A drop in prices caused by other fiscal policy instruments, e.g. a reduction in business taxes

C.

The attainment of full employment within the economy

D.

The contraction of the national economy

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Question # 60

The Competition and Markets Authority is a regulatory body in the UK. In 2017, the CMA found the proposed merger of Heineken and Punch Pubs in breach of its competition laws. Heineken and Punch Pubs have agreed

to divest in pubs in areas where they are the two dominant pub companies.

Which of the following are ways in which consumers might directly benefit from this decision?

Select ALL that apply.

A.

Heineken/Punch Pubs will not be able to charge excessive prices for alcoholic beverages served at their pubs

B.

There will be a greater variety of pubs for consumers to choose from in certain areas

C.

Heineken will divest in a certain number of pubs where the merger would have created monopolies

D.

The companies' divestment of pubs in certain areas could lead to the closure of the majority of pubs in said area

E.

The CMA will use this decision as a precedent for others in the future

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Question # 61

Which of the following statements about the sources of stakeholder conflict is true?

A.

Different stakeholders have different objectives

B.

The various stakeholders have differing degrees of influence

C.

Stakeholder conflict only occurs in not-for -profit organizations

D.

Stakeholders with high interest sometimes have limited influence

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Question # 62

The average price of recorded music CDs has been declining for several years. Which of the following changes in market conditions would NOT be a cause of this?

A.

Availability of new cheaper substitutes such as downloads

B.

Increased competition due to entry to the market by supermarket and internet sellers of CDs

C.

Decline in the number of CD shops due to bankruptcy and closure

D.

Growth in popularity of alternative goods such as mobile phones and video games

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Question # 63

Which of the following provides a definition of a free good?

A.

No charge is made for it by its supplier

B.

Its provision is financed by taxation

C.

It is produced from renewable resources

D.

It is available at zero cost of production in unlimited quantities

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Question # 64

XYZ plc has relocated its head office to a new site which enjoys better road communications and is close to a training college that teaches the skills needed to work at XYZ plc. Why will XYZ's costs fall?

A.

It will gain the benefits of technical economies of scale

B.

It will gain the benefits of managerial economies of scale

C.

It will gain the benefits of external economies of scale

D.

It will gain the benefits of financial economies of scale

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Question # 65

Which ONE of the following statements best defines the principal-agent problem in a company?

A.

A lack of consultation of shareholders by directors

B.

Personal goals are pursued by directors that are inconsistent with the welfare of shareholders

C.

Shareholders don't always know what management is doing

D.

Directors get paid too much for the job they do

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Question # 66

If, when the price of a good increases, the total revenue received by the supplier decreases, then

A.

the demand for the good must be price inelastic

B.

the demand for the good must be price elastic

C.

the demand for the good must have unitary elasticity

D.

the supply of the good must be price inelastic

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Question # 67

A profit-maximizing firm will cut the product's price to increase profits if

A.

Demand is elastic

B.

Unit costs fall

C.

The demand curve shifts rightwards

D.

Marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost

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Question # 68

Which of the following influences explains why the average costs of a firm will rise in the short run?

A.

Diseconomies of scale

B.

Rising unit costs

C.

Diminishing marginal returns

D.

Diminishing returns to scale

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Question # 69

If a government, on grounds of economic efficiency, were to levy a tax on an industry because of the pollution caused by production in the industry, the tax should be equal to

A.

the amount required to eliminate consumer demand for the product

B.

the excess profits earned by the industry

C.

the costs of clearing up previous pollution caused

D.

the difference between the private and social costs of production

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Question # 70

Which ONE of the following is NOT an Internal stakeholder?

A.

Director

B.

Manager

C.

Worker

D.

Investor

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