The communications management plan needs to be updated whenever there is a change in the frequency, type, or audience of communication. The communication management plan is a document that contains information that is required by the stakeholders. It also documents when and how the information should be distributed. It describes the information delivery needs, its format and level of detail. The communication management plan is contained in or is a subsidiary of the project management plan.

Answer option D is incorrect. The project management plan is a collection of subsidiary plans, including the communications management plan.

Answer option A is incorrect. The scope of the project is not being changed in this example, so there is no need to update the plan.

Answer option B is incorrect. There is no plan by the name of performance management plan, so this choice is incorrect.

Risk events are not associated with the activity attributes, but are recorded in the project risk register. Risk events are the distinct and particular occurrence that negatively affects a decision or a plan. Activity attributes are an output of the Define Activity process. These attributes refer to the multiple components that frame up an activity. The components for each activity during the early stages of the project are the Activity ID, WBS ID, and Activity name. At the later stages, the activity attributes include Activity codes, Predecessor activity, activity description, logical relationship, successor activity, leads and lags, imposed dates, and constraints and assumptions. Activity attributes are used for schedule development and for ordering, selecting, and sorting the planned schedule activities in a number of ways within reports.

The integrated change control process reviews proposed changes and determines what effect the change will have on the entire project. This includes scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communication, risk, and procurement. Integrated change control is a way to manage the changes incurred during a project. It is a method that manages reviewing the suggestions for changes and utilizing the tools and techniques to evaluate whether the change should be approved or rejected. Integrated change control is a primary component of the project ' s change control system that examines the affect of a proposed change on the entire project.

Answer option A is incorrect. Scope change control focuses only on the effect of the change on the project scope.

Answer option B is incorrect. Schedule change control focuses only on the effect of the change on the schedule.

Answer option D is incorrect. The Change Control Board is a committee of key stakeholders, usually management, the project manager, and the project customer, to evaluate proposed changes. This board, however, is not a project process.

According to the question, you have to use the estimating technique that has a higher degree of accuracy. The most accurate estimating technique is bottom-up estimating. What is bottom-up estimating? Bottom-up is a cost estimating technique that involves estimating the cost of individual work packages or schedule activities with the lowest level of detail. The detailed cost is rolled up (or summarized) to higher levels for total project estimates. This summarized data is very useful for reporting and tracking purposes. Bottom-up estimating provides a higher degree of accuracy, provided the estimates at the work package level are accurate.

Answer options C, A, and B are incorrect. Parametric modeling and analogous estimating techniques use top-down estimation model. These are less accurate than the bottom-up estimation. What is analogous estimating? Analogous is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameter, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous, similar activity as the basis for estimation of the same parameter for a future activity. It is a top-down estimating technique and is a form of expert judgment. It provides a lower degree of accuracy than other estimating techniques. This technique is primarily used when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project or program. What is parametric modeling? Parametric modeling is an estimating technique that uses parameters, or project characteristics, to forecast project costs. It involves a top-down approach and is similar but more accurate than analogous estimating. It uses historical data and other variables to calculate an estimate for activity parameters, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration.

The to-complete performance index shows the likelihood of reaching the project objectives based on the current performance. The formula is (BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC) for a result of 1.02. The higher the value over 1 the less likely the project is to reach its objectives based on the current performance.To-complete Performance Index (TCPI) is the measured projection of the anticipated performance required to achieve either the BAC or the EA

C. TCPI indicates the future required cost efficiency needed to achieve a target EAC (Estimate At Complete).Once approved, the EAC supersedes the BAC as the cost performance goal. Any significant difference between TCPI and the CPI needed to meet the EAC should be accounted for by management in their forecast of the final cost. The formula for TCPI is as follows: TCPI = {(BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)}

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the cost performance index for this project.

Answer option A is incorrect. This is the expected variance at completion.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid answer for this question.

The to-complete performance index when based on the estimate at completion uses the formula (BAC-EV)/(EAC-AC). In this instance, the answer is 0.98, which means the project is likely to reach its performance objectives. To-complete Performance Index (TCPI) is the measured projection of the anticipated performance required to achieve either the BAC or the EA

C. TCPI indicates the future required cost efficiency needed to achieve a target EAC (Estimate At Complete).Once approved, the EAC supersedes the BAC as the cost performance goal. Any significant difference between TCPI and the CPI needed to meet the EAC should be accounted for by management in their forecast of the final cost. The formula for TCPI is as follows: TCPI = {(BAC-EV)/(BAC-AC)}

Answer option B is incorrect. This is the value of TCPI using the BAC approach.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is the estimate at completion for this project.

Answer option A is incorrect. -$108,120 is the variance at completion

The activity nodes of path ACFGJ equals 26 days and is the longest path to completion - it is the critical path.

ACFGJ= A(4)+C(8)+F(4)+G(6)+J(4)=26

What is a critical path?

A critical path is the sequence of project activities, which add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Any delay of an activity on the critical path directly impacts the planned project completion date (i.e. there is no float on the critical path). A project can have several, parallel, near critical paths. An additional parallel path through the network with the total durations shorter than the critical path is called a sub-critical or non-critical path. These results allow managers to prioritize activities for the effective management of project completion, and to shorten the planned critical path of a project by pruning critical path activities, by " fast tracking " (i.e., performing more activities in parallel), and/or by " crashing the critical path " (i.e., shortening the durations of critical path activities by adding resources).

Answer option A is incorrect. ABEHJ takes only 22 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ABEHJ=A(4)+B(5)+E(2)+H(7)+J(4)=22

Answer option C is incorrect. ADGJ takes only 15 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ADGJ=A(4)+D(1)+G(6)+J(4)=15

Answer option B is incorrect. ACFIJ takes only 23 days to complete; it is not the critical path. ACFIJ=A(4)+C(8)+F(4)+I(3)+J(4)=23

Fast tracking is only valid if the activities or phases can be overlapped. Some activities or phases cannot be overlapped due to mandatory dependencies in the project. In other words, the work must be completed in a particular given order. Fast tracking is a technique for compressing project schedule. In fast tracking, phases are overlapped that would normally be done in sequence. It is shortening the project schedule without reducing the project scope.

Answer option C is incorrect. This is not a valid description of fast tracking.

Answer option B is incorrect. Effort-driven or activities of fixed duration can be fast tracked.

Answer option D is incorrect. The relationships among the activities do not have to be start-to-start to be fast tracked.

The project charter is an input to the identify stakeholder process. It provides information about the internal and external parties concerned and is affected by the project. The project charter is the document that formally authorizes a project. The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. According to PMBOK Guide, the project charter should address the following information:

Requirements that satisfy customer, sponsor, and other stakeholder needs, wants and expectations Business needs, high-level project description, or product requirements that the project is undertaken to address

Project purpose or justification

Assigned Project Manager and authority level

Summary milestone schedule

Stakeholder influences

Functional organizations and their participation

Organizational, environmental and external assumptions

Organizational, environmental and external constraints

Business case justifying the project, including return on investment

Summary budget

If required, it also authorizes the next project phase, and updates the charter. The project manager should always be assigned prior to the start of planning, and preferably while the project charter is being developed.

Answer option A is incorrect. Expert judgment is a technique based on a set of criteria that has been acquired in a specific knowledge area or product area. It is obtained when the project manager or project team requires specialized knowledge that they do not possess. Expert judgment involves people most familiar with the work of creating estimates. Preferably, the project team member who will be doing the task should complete the estimates. Expert judgment is applied when performing administrative closure activities, and experts should ensure the project or phase closure is performed to the appropriate standards.

Answer option C is incorrect. Stakeholder analysis is the identification of stakeholder needs, wants and expectations. It involves the documentation, prioritization, and quantification of the needs to help define the project scope. Stakeholders ' interests may be positively or negatively affected by execution or completion of the project and they may also exert influence over the project and its deliverables.

Answer option D is incorrect. The stakeholder register is a project management document that contains a list of the stakeholders associated with the project. It assesses how they are involved in the project and identifies what role they play in the organization. The information in this document can be very perceptive and is meant for limited exchange only. It also contains relevant information about the stakeholders, such as their requirements, expectations, and influence on the project.

A three-point estimate records the optimistic, most likely, and the pessimistic duration and then records an average for the predicted duration. Three-point estimate is a way to enhance the accuracy of activity duration estimates. This concept is originated with the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). PERT charts the following three estimates: Most likely (TM): The duration of activity based on realistic factors such as resources assigned, interruptions, etc. Optimistic (TO): The activity duration based on the best-case scenario Pessimistic (TP): The activity duration based on the worst-case scenario The expected (TE) activity duration is a weighted average of these three estimates: TE = (TO + 4TM + TP) / 6

Duration estimates based on the above equations (sometimes simple average of the three estimates is also used) provide more accuracy.

Here it is,

TE = ( 24 + 28*4 + 36) / 6

= 272/6

= 29 (approx)

Answer options B, D, and A are incorrect. These are not the valid answers for this question.